馬哥教育網絡21期+第4周練習博客

1、復制/etc/skel目錄為/home/tuser1,要求/home/tuser1及其內部文件的屬組和其它用戶均沒有任何訪問權限。

[root@localhost ~]#cp -rf /etc/skel /home/tuser1
[root@localhost ~]#chmod -R g-rwx,o-rwx /home/tuser1

2、編輯/etc/group文件,添加組hadoop。

[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/group
[root@localhost ~]#hadoop:x:3005:(在末行加入組名及ID)
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/group |grep hadoop
hadoop:x:3005:
[root@localhost ~]# id -g hadoop
3005

3、手動編輯/etc/passwd文件新增一行,添加用戶hadoop,其基本組ID為hadoop組的id號;其家目錄為/home/hadoop。

[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/passwd 
[root@localhost ~]#hadoop:x:3005:3005::/home/hadoop:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost ~]# id hadoop
uid=3005(hadoop) gid=3005(hadoop) groups=3005(hadoop)

4、復制/etc/skel目錄為/home/hadoop,要求修改hadoop目錄的屬組和其它用戶沒有任何訪問權限。

[root@localhost ~]# cp -rf /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R g-rwx,o-rwx /home/hadoop/
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d  /home/hadoop/
drwx------. 4 root root 4096 Jul  8 10:12 /home/hadoop/

5、修改/home/hadoop目錄及其內部所有文件的屬主為hadoop,屬組為hadoop。

[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /home/hadoop/
drwx------. 4 root root 4096 Jul  8 10:12 /home/hadoop/
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R hadoop /home/hadoop/
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /home/hadoop/
drwx------. 4 hadoop root 4096 Jul  8 10:12 /home/hadoop/
[root@localhost ~]# chgrp -R hadoop /home/hadoop/
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /home/hadoop/
drwx------. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 Jul  8 10:12 /home/hadoop/

6、顯示/proc/meminfo文件中以大寫或小寫S開頭的行;用兩種方式;

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep -E '^(s|S).*'
SwapCached:            0 kB
SwapTotal:       2064380 kB
SwapFree:        2064380 kB
Shmem:              1412 kB
Slab:             129084 kB
SReclaimable:      63872 kB
SUnreclaim:        65212 kB
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep '^[sS].*'
SwapCached:            0 kB
SwapTotal:       2064380 kB
SwapFree:        2064380 kB
Shmem:              1412 kB
Slab:             129124 kB
SReclaimable:      63884 kB
SUnreclaim:        65240 kB

7、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為非/sbin/nologin的用戶;

[root@localhost ~]# grep -v '\(/sbin/nologin\)' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
test:x:500:500::/home/test:/bin/bash
shanghai:x:501:501::/home/shanghai:/bin/bash
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
mandriva:x:1005:2016::/home/mandriva:/bin/bash
openstack:x:3003:2020::/home/openstack:/bin/bash

8、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為/bin/bash的用戶;

[root@localhost ~]# grep '\(/bin/bash\)' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
test:x:500:500::/home/test:/bin/bash
shanghai:x:501:501::/home/shanghai:/bin/bash
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
mandriva:x:1005:2016::/home/mandriva:/bin/bash
openstack:x:3003:2020::/home/openstack:/bin/bash

9、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位數或兩位數;

[root@localhost ~]# grep --color=auto '\<[0-9]\{1,2\}\>' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
...

10、顯示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一個空白字符開頭的行;

[root@localhost ~]# grep '^[[:space:]]\+' /boot/grub/grub.conf 
	root (hd0,0)
	kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root  KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
	initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64.img

11、顯示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#開頭,后面跟至少一個空白字符,而后又有至少一個非空白字符的行;

[root@localhost ~]# grep '^#[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:]]' /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit 
# /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time
# Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc.
# Check SELinux status
# Print a text banner.
# Only read this once.
# Initialize hardware
# Set default affinity
# Load other user-defined modules
# Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs)
# Configure kernel parameters
# Set the hostname.
# Sync waiting for storage.
# Device mapper & related initialization
# Start any MD RAID arrays that haven't been started yet
# Remount the root filesystem read-write.
# Clean up SELinux labels
# If relabeling, relabel mount points.
# Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already
# mounted). Contrary to standard usage,
# filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode.
....

12、打出netstat -tan命令執行結果中以‘LISTEN’,后或跟空白字符結尾的行;

[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tan | grep 'LISTEN[[:space:]]\+'
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:46074               0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 :::111                      :::*                        LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 :::41268                    :::*                        LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 ::1:631                     :::*                        LISTEN      
tcp        0      0 ::1:25                      :::*                        LISTEN

13、添加用戶bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一個用戶的shell為/sbin/nologin),而后找出當前系統上其用戶名和默認shell相同的用戶的信息;

[root@localhost ~]#useradd bash
[root@localhost ~]#useradd testbash
[root@localhost ~]#useradd basher
[root@localhost ~]#useradd -s /sbin/nologin nologin
[root@localhost ~]# grep --color=auto "^\([[:alnum:]]\+\>\).*\1$" /etc/passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
bash:x:3006:3006::/home/bash:/bin/bash
nologin:x:3009:3009::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin

14、顯示/proc/meminfo文件中以大寫或小寫S開頭的行;用三種方式;

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep -E '^(s|S).*'
SwapCached:            0 kB
SwapTotal:       2064380 kB
SwapFree:        2064380 kB
Shmem:              1412 kB
Slab:             129084 kB
SReclaimable:      63872 kB
SUnreclaim:        65212 kB
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep '^[sS].*'
SwapCached:            0 kB
SwapTotal:       2064380 kB
SwapFree:        2064380 kB
Shmem:              1412 kB
Slab:             129124 kB
SReclaimable:      63884 kB
SUnreclaim:        65240 kB
[root@localhost ~]# grep '\<[sS]' /proc/meminfo
SwapCached:            0 kB
SwapTotal:       2064380 kB
SwapFree:        2064380 kB
Shmem:              1412 kB
Slab:             129100 kB
SReclaimable:      63884 kB
SUnreclaim:        65216 kB

15、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為非/sbin/nologin的用戶;

[root@localhost ~]# grep -v "/sbin/nologin" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
test:x:500:500::/home/test:/bin/bash
shanghai:x:501:501::/home/shanghai:/bin/bash
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh
mandriva:x:1005:2016::/home/mandriva:/bin/bash
openstack:x:3003:2020::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
bash:x:3006:3006::/home/bash:/bin/bash
testbash:x:3007:3007::/home/testbash:/bin/bash
basher:x:3008:3008::/home/basher:/bin/bash

16、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為/bin/bash的用戶;

[root@localhost ~]# grep "/bin/bash" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
test:x:500:500::/home/test:/bin/bash
shanghai:x:501:501::/home/shanghai:/bin/bash
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
mandriva:x:1005:2016::/home/mandriva:/bin/bash
openstack:x:3003:2020::/home/openstack:/bin/bash
bash:x:3006:3006::/home/bash:/bin/bash
testbash:x:3007:3007::/home/testbash:/bin/bash
basher:x:3008:3008::/home/basher:/bin/bash

17、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位數或兩位數;

[root@localhost ~]# grep --color=auto '\<[0-9]\{1,2\}\>' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
....

原創文章,作者:Net21_Lion,如若轉載,請注明出處:http://www.www58058.com/23807

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評論列表(1條)

  • 馬哥教育
    馬哥教育 2016-07-12 13:27

    寫的很好,排版也很棒,加油

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