第四周作業
1、復制/etc/skel目錄為/home/tuser1，要求/home/tuser1及其內部文件的屬組和其它用戶均沒有任何訪問權限。
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /etc/skel /home/tuse1 [root@localhost ~]# chmod g-rwx,o-rwx -R /home/tuse1 [root@localhost home]# ll -a /home/tuse1/ 總用量 28 drwx------. 4 root root 4096 6月 6 17:54 . drwxr-xr-x. 25 root root 4096 8月 28 14:38 .. -rw-------. 1 root root 18 10月 16 2014 .bash_logout -rw-------. 1 root root 176 10月 16 2014 .bash_profile -rw-------. 1 root root 124 10月 16 2014 .bashrc drwx------. 2 root root 4096 11月 12 2010 .gnome2 drwx------. 4 root root 4096 6月 6 17:47 .mozilla [root@localhost home]# ll -d /home/tuse1/ drwx------. 4 root root 4096 6月 6 17:54 /home/tuse1/
2、編輯/etc/group文件，添加組hadoop。
[root@localhost home]# vim /etc/group [root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/group hadoop:x:3004:
3、手動編輯/etc/passwd文件新增一行，添加用戶hadoop，其基本組ID為hadoop組的id號；其家目錄為/home/hadoop。
[root@localhost home]# vim /etc/passwd [root@localhost home]# tail -1 /etc/passwd hadoop:x:3005:3004::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash
4、復制/etc/skel目錄為/home/hadoop，要求修改hadoop目錄的屬組和其它用戶沒有任何訪問權限。
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /etc/skel /home/hadoop chmod g-rwx,o-rwx -R /home/hadoop [root@localhost home]# ll -d /home/hadoop/ drwx------. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 8月 28 15:00 /home/hadoop/ [root@localhost home]# ll -a /home/hadoop/ 總用量 32 drwx------. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 8月 28 15:00 . drwxr-xr-x. 25 root root 4096 8月 28 14:38 .. -rw-------. 1 hadoop hadoop 18 10月 16 2014 .bash_logout -rw-------. 1 hadoop hadoop 176 10月 16 2014 .bash_profile -rw-------. 1 hadoop hadoop 124 10月 16 2014 .bashrc drwx------. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 11月 12 2010 .gnome2 drwx------. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 6月 6 17:47 .mozilla drwx------. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 6月 6 17:54 skel
5、修改/home/hadoop目錄及其內部所有文件的屬主為hadoop，屬組為hadoop。
[root@localhost home]# chown hadoop:hadoop -R /home/hadoop/ [root@localhost home]# ll -a /home/hadoop/ 總用量 32 drwx------. 5 hadoop hadoop 4096 8月 28 15:00 . drwxr-xr-x. 25 root root 4096 8月 28 14:38 .. -rw-------. 1 hadoop hadoop 18 10月 16 2014 .bash_logout -rw-------. 1 hadoop hadoop 176 10月 16 2014 .bash_profile -rw-------. 1 hadoop hadoop 124 10月 16 2014 .bashrc drwx------. 2 hadoop hadoop 4096 11月 12 2010 .gnome2 drwx------. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 6月 6 17:47 .mozilla drwx------. 4 hadoop hadoop 4096 6月 6 17:54 skel
6、顯示/proc/meminfo文件中以大寫或小寫S開頭的行；用兩種方式；
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^[sS]" /proc/meminfo SwapCached: 0 kB SwapTotal: 1535996 kB SwapFree: 1535996 kB Shmem: 1420 kB Slab: 63420 kB SReclaimable: 27080 kB SUnreclaim: 36340 kB [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# grep -i '^s' /proc/meminfo SwapCached: 0 kB SwapTotal: 1535996 kB SwapFree: 1535996 kB Shmem: 1420 kB Slab: 63416 kB SReclaimable: 27080 kB SUnreclaim: 36336 kB
7、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為非/sbin/nologin的用戶；
[root@localhost ~]# grep -v "/sbin/nologin" /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt zz:x:500:500::/home/zz:/bin/bash xx:x:501:501:xx:/home/xx:/bin/bash cc:x:502:502:cc:/home/cc:/bin/bash vv:x:503:503:vv:/home/vv:/bin/bash ss:x:504:504::/home/ss:/bin/bash alex:x:505:506::/home/alex:/bin/bash arod:x:506:507::/home/arod:/bin/bash user1:x:511:512::/home/user1:/bin/bash test:x:4200000000:514::/home/test:/bin/bash mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash slackware:x:2002:2016::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash hadoop:x:3005:3004::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash [root@localhost ~]# grep -v "/sbin/nologin" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1 root sync shutdown halt zz xx cc vv ss alex arod user1 test mageia slackware openstack hadoop
8、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為/bin/bash的用戶；
[root@localhost ~]# grep "/bin/bash$" /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash zz:x:500:500::/home/zz:/bin/bash xx:x:501:501:xx:/home/xx:/bin/bash cc:x:502:502:cc:/home/cc:/bin/bash vv:x:503:503:vv:/home/vv:/bin/bash ss:x:504:504::/home/ss:/bin/bash alex:x:505:506::/home/alex:/bin/bash arod:x:506:507::/home/arod:/bin/bash user1:x:511:512::/home/user1:/bin/bash test:x:4200000000:514::/home/test:/bin/bash mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash openstack:x:3003:2019::/home/openstack:/bin/bash hadoop:x:3005:3004::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash [root@localhost ~]# grep "/bin/bash$" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1 root zz xx cc vv ss alex arod user1 test mageia openstack hadoop
9、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位數或兩位數；
grep -o "\<[[:digit:]]\{1,2\}\>" /etc/passwd
10、顯示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一個空白字符開頭的行；
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^[[:space:]]\+" /boot/grub/grub.conf
11、顯示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#開頭，后面跟至少一個空白字符，而后又有至少一個非空白字符的行；
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^#[[:space:]]\+[^[[:space:]]" /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit # /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit - run once at boot time # Taken in part from Miquel van Smoorenburg's bcheckrc. # Check SELinux status # Print a text banner. # Only read this once. # Initialize hardware # Set default affinity # Load other user-defined modules # Load modules (for backward compatibility with VARs) # Configure kernel parameters # Set the hostname. # Sync waiting for storage. # Device mapper & related initialization # Start any MD RAID arrays that haven't been started yet # Remount the root filesystem read-write. # Clean up SELinux labels # If relabeling, relabel mount points. # Mount all other filesystems (except for NFS and /proc, which is already # mounted). Contrary to standard usage, # filesystems are NOT unmounted in single user mode. # The 'no' applies to all listed filesystem types. See mount(8). # Update quotas if necessary # Check to see if a full relabel is needed # Initialize pseudo-random number generator # Configure machine if necessary. # Clean out /. # Do we need (w|u)tmpx files? We don't set them up, but the sysadmin might... # Clean up /var. # Clean up utmp/wtmp # Clean up various /tmp bits # Make ICE directory # Start up swapping. # Set up binfmt_misc # Boot time profiles. Yes, this should be somewhere else. # Now that we have all of our basic modules loaded and the kernel going, # let's dump the syslog ring somewhere so we can find it later # create the crash indicator flag to warn on crashes, offer fsck with timeout # Let rhgb know that we're leaving rc.sysinit
12、打出netstat -tan命令執行結果中以‘LISTEN’，后或跟空白字符結尾的行；
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN[[:space:]]*&" tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
13、添加用戶bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一個用戶的shell為/sbin/nologin)，而后找出當前系統上其用戶名和默認shell相同的用戶的信息；
[root@localhost ~]# useradd bash [root@localhost ~]# useradd testbash [root@localhost ~]# useradd basher [root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nologin grep "^\([[:alnum:]]\+\>\).*\1$" /etc/passwd sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt bash:x:3006:3006::/home/bash:/bin/bash nologin:x:3009:3009::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin
14、顯示/proc/meminfo文件中以大寫或小寫S開頭的行；用三種方式；
[root@localhost ~]# grep "^[sS]" /proc/meminfo [root@localhost ~]# grep -i '^s' /proc/meminfo [root@localhost ~]# egrep "^s|^S" /proc/meminfo
15、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為非/sbin/nologin的用戶；
[root@localhost ~]# grep -v "/sbin/nologin" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1
16、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為/bin/bash的用戶；
[root@localhost ~]# grep "/bin/bash$" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f1
17、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位數或兩位數；
[root@localhost ~]# grep -o "[\<[:digit:]]\{1,2\}\>" /etc/passwd
原創文章，作者：Net21_仲樂，如若轉載，請注明出處：http://www.www58058.com/24518
寫的很好，排版也很漂亮，加油
@馬哥教育：3Q