第七周作業
1、創建一個10G分區,并格式為ext4文件系統;
[root@qq ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb #使用fdisk命令進行分區; Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x61b9ad0b. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p #用p命令查看現有分區,由于是新盤什么都沒; Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x61b9ad0b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n #新建分區,理論上可以建4個主分區或3個主分區1個擴展分區,建完擴展分區后可建多個邏輯分區; Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-26108, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-26108, default 26108): +10G Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x61b9ad0b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux Command (m for help): w #分完分區后,w保存寫入; The partition table has been altered! [root@qq ~]# partx -a -n 1 /dev/sdb #使用partx命令在不關機情況下讓內核重讀分區表 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 [root@qq ~]# [root@qq ~]# [root@qq ~]# partx -a -n 1 /dev/sdb BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 [root@qq ~]#
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(1) 要求其block大小為2048, 預留空間百分比為2, 卷標為MYDATA, 默認掛載屬性包含acl;
[root@qq ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -L "MYDATA" /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label=MYDATA OS type: Linux Block size=2048 (log=1) Fragment size=2048 (log=1) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 657408 inodes, 5245206 blocks 104904 blocks (2.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=543162368 321 block groups 16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group 2048 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104, 2048000, 3981312 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 21 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. /dev/sdb1: LABEL="MYDATA" UUID="f4c97dcc-3bd4-413c-b56d-a5179398713d" TYPE="ext4" [root@qq ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1 #設置acl功能; tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) [root@qq ~]# echo $? 0
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(2) 掛載至/data/mydata目錄,要求掛載時禁止程序自動運行,且不更新文件的訪問時間戳;
[root@qq ~]# mount -o noexec,noatime,acl /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata/ [root@qq ~]# [root@qq ~]# more /etc/mtab | grep /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata ext4 rw,noexec,noatime,acl 0 0 [root@qq ~]#
2、創建一個大小為1G的swap分區,并創建好文件系統,并啟用之;
Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (1307-26108, default 1307): Using default value 1307 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-26108, default 26108): +1G Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-4): 2 Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 #將分區設置為swap格式,可用l(字母)命令查看所有的分區類型; Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x61b9ad0b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 1438 1060290 82 Linux swap / Solaris #已經設置swap類型 [root@qq tmp]# partx -a /dev/sdb BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 [root@qq tmp]# partx -a /dev/sdb BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 1 BLKPG: Device or resource busy error adding partition 2 [root@qq tmp]# mkswap /dev/sdb2 #用mkswap命令設置為swap格式; Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1060284 KiB no label, UUID=5c6c92b7-7896-454a-bcd3-ee9120b7fb51 [root@qq tmp]# swapon /dev/sdb2 #啟動swap分區; [root@qq tmp]# free -m #原來是4G的swap,現在已經是5G多了; total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 482 175 307 0 20 71 -/+ buffers/cache: 84 398 Swap: 5131 0 5131
3、寫一個腳本
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(1)、獲取并列出當前系統上的所有磁盤設備;
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(2)、顯示每個磁盤設備上每個分區相關的空間使用信息;
[root@qq tmp]# vim disk.sh #!/bin/bash # fdisk -l | grep -o "^/[^[:space:]]\+" df -lh
4、總結RAID的各個級別及其組合方式和性能的不同;
常見的RAID如下:
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RADI0(條帶卷):
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由兩塊或兩塊以上硬盤組成;
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IO讀寫速度是RAID中最快的,但是無容錯能力;
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可用空間:N*min(S1,S2,……)
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RAID1(鏡像卷):
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由兩塊或兩塊以上硬盤相互作鏡像組成;
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讀速度由于從多個磁盤讀取,所以速度會相應提高;但是寫入數據要拷貝副本到另外的磁盤可能會導致寫入速度略有下降;有容錯能力,由于另外一個磁盤是鏡像卷,當主磁盤故障時,由于鏡像卷磁盤數據一模一樣,所以不會影響到數據的正常性;
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可用空間:1*min(S1,S2,……)
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RADI5:
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最少需要三塊硬盤組成;
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有容錯能力,寫入數據的同時還要將數據的奇偶校驗信息分別存放在各個磁盤,當其中一個磁盤損壞時,可通過其它磁盤的數據和奇偶信息去恢復損壞的數據;RAID5可以理解成是在RAID0的基礎上加了奇偶檢驗功能,所以寫入速度比單獨寫入一塊硬盤的速度略慢,但卻比RAID1快;要注意的是,數據塊(chunks)和校驗位必須要按順序即默認為左對稱的方式排放;
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RAID5理論上只能壞一塊磁盤;
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可用空間:(N-1)*min(S1,S2,……)
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RIAD6:
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最少需要四塊硬盤組成;
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有容錯能力,可以看作是RAID5的升級版,理論上能壞兩塊磁盤后,還能保持數據正常;
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可用空間:(N-2)*min(S1,S1,……)
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RAID10:
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最少需要四塊硬盤組成;
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它的基本原理是,先4塊硬盤兩兩先做成2個RAID1,然后這兩個RAID1陣列再繼續做出RAID0模式;讀寫性能有提升,有容錯能力,前提是不要一組鏡像盤同時故障,如果兩組鏡像盤各壞一個,不會損壞數據;
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可用空間:N*min(S1,S2,……)/2
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JBOD:
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將多塊磁盤的空間合并一個大的連續空間使用,無容錯能力;
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可用空間:sum(S1,S2,……)
5、創建一個大小為10G的RAID1,要求有一個空閑盤,而且CHUNK大小為128k;
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x61b9ad0b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 1307 1438 1060290 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb3 1439 26108 198161775 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 1439 2744 10490413+ fd Linux raid autodetect RAID分區類型; /dev/sdb6 2745 4050 10490413+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb7 4051 4312 2104483+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb8 4313 4574 2104483+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb9 4575 4836 2104483+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb10 4837 6142 10490413+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb11 6143 7448 10490413+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb12 7449 8754 10490413+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb13 8755 10060 10490413+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdb14 10061 11366 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM LVM文件系統類型; /dev/sdb15 11367 12672 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb16 12673 13587 7349706 8e Linux LVM [root@qq tmp]# mdadm /dev/md0 -C -n 2 -x 1 -a yes -c 128 -l 5 /dev/sdb{11,12,13} mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. [root@qq tmp]# mdadm -D /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Mon Aug 1 18:10:12 2016 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 10482176 (10.00 GiB 10.73 GB) Used Dev Size : 10482176 (10.00 GiB 10.73 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 3 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Aug 1 18:10:12 2016 State : clean, degraded, recovering #狀態為clean,說明創建完成 Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 2 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 128K Rebuild Status : 0% complete #進度條 Name : qq.localdomain:0 (local to host qq.localdomain) UUID : cd6c0b6b:89de1553:3be0084c:68c9aa06 Events : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 27 0 active sync /dev/sdb11 3 8 28 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdb12 2 8 29 - spare /dev/sdb13 #熱備盤
6、創建一個大小為4G的RAID5設備,chunk大小為256k,格式化ext4文件系統,要求可開機自動掛載至/backup目錄,而且不更新訪問時間戳,且支持acl功能;
[root@qq tmp]# mdadm /dev/md1 -C -n 3 -a yes -c 256 -l 5 /dev/sdb{7,8,9} mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. [root@qq tmp]# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md1 : active raid5 sdb9[3] sdb8[1] sdb7[0] 4204544 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 256k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/2] [UU_] [==>..................] recovery = 13.6% (287944/2102272) finish=1.7min speed=16937K/sec [root@qq tmp]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1 [root@qq tmp]# vim /etc/fstab /dev/md1 /backup ext4 defaults,acl,noatime 0 0 [root@qq tmp]# mount -a [root@qq tmp]# df -lh | grep /dev/md1 /dev/md1 3.9G 8.1M 3.7G 1% /backup
7、寫一個腳本
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(1) 接受一個以上文件路徑作為參數;
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(2) 顯示每個文件擁有的行數;
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(3) 總結說明本次共為幾個文件統計了其行數;
#!/bin/bash # declare -i i=0 if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then echo "please input file path,dont input empty" exit 2 fi for file in $*; do if [ -f $file ]; then echo "$file line number:$(wc -l $file | cut -d" " -f1)" let i++ else echo "please input correct file path" fi done echo "statistical file count=$i" 測試: [root@qq shell_scripts]# bash file-line-1.sh please input file path,dont input empty [root@qq shell_scripts]# [root@qq shell_scripts]# [root@qq shell_scripts]# bash file-line-1.sh /etc/issue /etc/grub.conf /etc/issue line number:3 /etc/grub.conf line number:17 statistical file count=2 [root@qq shell_scripts]#
8、寫一個腳本
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(1) 傳遞兩個以上字符串當作用戶名;
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(2) 創建這些用戶;且密碼同用戶名;
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(3) 總結說明共創建了幾個用戶;
#!/binbash # declare -i i=0 if [ $# -lt 2 ];then echo "last input two username" exit 2 fi for username in $@; do id $username &> /dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "$username exist" else useradd $username echo "$username" | passwd --stdin $username &> /dev/null let i++ fi done echo "add user count: $i" 測試: [root@qq shell_scripts]# bash two-user.sh qq last input two username [root@qq shell_scripts]# bash two-user.sh user10 110 user10 exist add user count: 1 [root@qq shell_scripts]# [root@qq shell_scripts]# bash two-user.sh user120 user119 add user count: 2
9、寫一個腳本,新建20個用戶,visitor1-visitor20;計算他們的ID之和;
#!/bin/bash # declare -i sum=0; for ((i=1;i<=20;i++)); do useradd visitor$i; echo "useradd visitor$i success!" sum+=$(id -u visitor$i) done echo "All user uid sum: $sum" 測試: [root@qq serven]# bash user1-20.sh useradd visitor1 success! useradd visitor2 success! useradd visitor3 success! useradd visitor4 success! useradd visitor5 success! useradd visitor6 success! useradd visitor7 success! useradd visitor8 success! useradd visitor9 success! useradd visitor10 success! useradd visitor11 success! useradd visitor12 success! useradd visitor13 success! useradd visitor14 success! useradd visitor15 success! useradd visitor16 success! useradd visitor17 success! useradd visitor18 success! useradd visitor19 success! useradd visitor20 success! All user uid sum: 11110
10、寫一腳本,分別統計/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit、/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions和/etc/fstab文件中以#號開頭的行數之和,以及總的空白行數;
#!/bin/bash # declare -i sum1=0; declare -i sum2=0; for i in {/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit,/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions,/etc/fstab}; do sum1+=$( grep -c '^#' $i ) sum2+=$( grep -c '^[[:space:]]*$' $i ) done echo "#start line number: $sum1" echo "space line number: $sum2" 測試: [root@qq serven]# bash space-line.sh #start line number: 91 space line number: 179
11、寫一個腳本,顯示當前系統上所有默認shell為bash的用戶的用戶名、UID以及此類所有用戶的UID之和;
#!/bin/bash # declare -i sum=0; declare -i i=0; grep "\/bin\/bash$" /etc/passwd | awk -v FS=":" '{print $1,"\t",$3}' for i in $(awk -F: '/bash$/{print $3}' /etc/passwd); do let sum+=$i done echo "user uid sum= $sum" 測試: [root@qq serven]# bash -x shell-bash.sh + declare -i sum=0 + declare -i i=0 + awk -v FS=: '{print $1,"\t",$3}' + grep '\/bin\/bash$' /etc/passwd root 0 docker 523 qq 524 myuser 525 magedu 545 ++ awk -F: '/bash$/{print $3}' /etc/passwd + for i in '$(awk -F: '\''/bash$/{print $3}'\'' /etc/passwd)' + let sum+=0 + for i in '$(awk -F: '\''/bash$/{print $3}'\'' /etc/passwd)' + let sum+=523 + for i in '$(awk -F: '\''/bash$/{print $3}'\'' /etc/passwd)' + let sum+=524 + for i in '$(awk -F: '\''/bash$/{print $3}'\'' /etc/passwd)' + let sum+=525 + for i in '$(awk -F: '\''/bash$/{print $3}'\'' /etc/passwd)' + let sum+=545 + echo 'user uid sum= 2117' user uid sum= 2117
12、寫一個腳本,顯示當前系統上所有,擁有附加組的用戶的用戶名;并說明共有多少個此類用戶;
#!/bin/bash # declare -i i=0; for user in `cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd`; do group=$(id $user | cut -d" " -f3 | awk -F, '{print $2}') if [ -n "$group" ]; then echo $user let i++ fi done echo "user number: $i" 測試: [root@qq serven]# bash sub-group.sh bin daemon adm postfix magedu user number: 5
13、創建一個由至少兩個物理卷組成的大小為20G的卷組;要求,PE大小為8M;而在卷組中創建一個大小為5G的邏輯卷mylv1,格式化為ext4文件系統,開機自動掛載至/users目錄,支持acl;
Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x61b9ad0b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb14 10061 11366 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb15 11367 12672 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM /dev/sdb16 12673 13587 7349706 8e Linux LVM [root@qq tmp]# pvcreate /dev/sdb14 Physical volume "/dev/sdb14" successfully created [root@qq tmp]# pvcreate /dev/sdb15 Physical volume "/dev/sdb15" successfully created [root@qq tmp]# [root@qq tmp]# pvs #顯示pvs信息 PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sdb14 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g /dev/sdb15 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g [root@qq tmp]# vgcreate myvg -s 8 /dev/sdb{14,15} #創建vg,-s選項設置PM大小; Volume group "myvg" successfully created [root@qq tmp]# [root@qq tmp]# vgs #顯示vg信息 VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree myvg 2 0 0 wz--n- 20.00g 20.00g [root@qq tmp]# vgdisplay myvg #顯示vg詳細信息 --- Volume group --- VG Name myvg System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 20.00 GiB PE Size 8.00 MiB Total PE 2560 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 2560 / 20.00 GiB VG UUID scLSYH-yaX4-R16R-ZqI2-BrnX-VYnS-4czFEA [root@qq tmp]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mylv1 myvg #創建lv Logical volume "mylv1" created [root@qq tmp]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert mylv1 myvg -wi-a----- 5.00g [root@qq tmp]# lvdisplay #顯示lv詳細信息; --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/myvg/mylv1 LV Name mylv1 VG Name myvg LV UUID xZqrTJ-SIhP-DKhe-yY1o-aspI-mD1G-EWtQu0 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time qq.localdomain, 2016-08-01 23:10:48 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 5.00 GiB Current LE 640 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 [root@qq tmp]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv1 #格式為ext4格式; mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks 65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280 40 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done [root@qq tmp]# vim /etc/fstab #更新分區表; /dev/md1 /backup ext4 defaults,acl,noatime 0 0 /dev/myvg/mylv1 /users ext4 defaults,acl 0 0 [root@qq tmp]# df -lh #查看磁盤空間使用情況,lv已經掛載上去; Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 3.9G 8.1M 3.7G 1% /backup /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 4.8G 10M 4.6G 1% /users
14、新建用戶magedu;其家目錄為/users/magedu,而后su切換至此用戶,復制多個文件至家目錄;
[root@qq tmp]# useradd -d /users/magedu magedu [root@qq tmp]# cat /etc/passwd | grep magedu magedu:x:545:545::/users/magedu:/bin/bash [root@qq tmp]# [root@qq tmp]# su - magedu [magedu@qq ~]$ pwd /users/magedu [magedu@qq ~]$ cp /etc/fstab . [magedu@qq ~]$ cp -a /etc/ .
15、擴展mylv1至9G,確保擴展完成后原有數據完全可用;
[root@qq tmp]# lvextend -L 9G /dev/myvg/mylv1 #lv擴展至9G容量 Size of logical volume myvg/mylv1 changed from 5.00 GiB (640 extents) to 9.00 GiB (1152 extents). Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized [root@qq tmp]# lvdisplay /dev/myvg/mylv1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/myvg/mylv1 LV Name mylv1 VG Name myvg LV UUID xZqrTJ-SIhP-DKhe-yY1o-aspI-mD1G-EWtQu0 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time qq.localdomain, 2016-08-01 23:10:48 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 9.00 GiB #容量已經增加 Current LE 1152 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 [root@qq magedu]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv1 #刷新lv resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/myvg/mylv1 is mounted on /users; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/myvg/mylv1 to 2359296 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv1 is now 2359296 blocks long. [root@qq magedu]# df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 3.9G 8.1M 3.7G 1% /backup /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 8.8G 24M 8.3G 1% /users #df空間使用情況已經更新; [root@qq magedu]# pwd /users/magedu [root@qq magedu]# cat /etc/fstab #可以正常讀取文件 # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 28 00:37:31 2016 ……
16、縮減mylv1至7G,確??s減完成后原有數據完全可用;
操作須得按步驟來,有一定風險; 1、首先的取消分區掛載; [root@qq ~]# umount /dev/myvg/mylv1 2、檢查分區是否正常; [root@qq ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/mylv1 e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/myvg/mylv1: 11/589824 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 74975/2359296 blocks 3、刷新lv; [root@qq ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv1 resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) The filesystem is already 2359296 blocks long. Nothing to do! 4、lv縮減至7G; [root@qq ~]# lvcreate -L 7G /dev/myvg/mylv1 Volume group name expected (no slash) Run `lvcreate --help' for more information. [root@qq ~]# lvreduce -L 7G /dev/myvg/mylv1 WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 7.00 GiB THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce mylv1? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume myvg/mylv1 changed from 9.00 GiB (1152 extents) to 7.00 GiB (896 extents). Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized 5、重新掛載分區; [root@qq ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv1 /users/ [root@qq ~]# df -lh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 3.9G 8.1M 3.7G 1% /backup /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 6.8G 16M 6.4G 1% /users 6、驗證lv的分區使用情況;正常能否正常讀取,寫入; [root@qq users]# vim /users/fstab iiiii # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 28 00:37:31 2016 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' ……
17、對mylv1創建快照,并通過備份數據;要求保留原有的屬主屬組等信息;
[root@qq users]# lvcreate -L 1GB -n mylv1.snapshot.bak -p r -s /dev/myvg/mylv1 #創建鏡像 Logical volume "mylv1.snapshot.bak" created [root@qq users]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert mylv1 myvg owi-aos--- 7.00g mylv1.snapshot.bak myvg sri-a-s--- 1.00g mylv1 0.00 [root@qq /]# mkdir /snapshot [root@qq /]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv1.snapshot.bak /snapshot/ 掛載鏡像; mount: block device /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1.snapshot.bak is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@qq /]# ls /snapshot/ #查看鏡像內容 fstab lost+found
原創文章,作者:Net21_仲樂,如若轉載,請注明出處:http://www.www58058.com/31609
寫的很好,排版也很棒,加油
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