?yum源的生成與配置{ local;cdrom;http;ftp;}
本文是繼上一篇文章“CentOS程序安裝的3種方式{ 源碼包安裝 | rpm包安裝 | yum安裝;}”的補充,上篇文章http://www.www58058.com/38812主要介紹了
基于cdrom的yum源
制作和配置以及歸納了詳細的yum命令
。本文繼續介紹基于本地file
、遠程http
、遠程ftp
的私人yum倉庫的制作與配置,實現了在不同環境下的yum使用與配置。每種方式適用于不同場合,需根據實際情況選擇。
本地yum源
【一】安裝createrepo
[root@cent7]~>yum install createrepo
【二】進入repo目錄,執行createrepo命令創建repodata目錄
[root@cent7]/testdir/repodb>createrepo .
[root@cent7]/testdir/repodb>ls repodata/
126a4254b443d131331b4b0690e9c0b6d21a2086439cafc91c06cef05a4d4d80-filelists.sqlite.bz2
13fdc6b363cf52e0a85e9c14a3c7542ff8aa1414059ed3e60e921abe39b608ca-filelists.xml.gz
565784001204f6fb5bc9cc276322d70295eddb1e013d175e232f4efeb6e43d91-primary.sqlite.bz2
5e9a10c873af5ffb1fdd8e91272852c5c9fe2d2bb46e52ca6749b25a0833f3c0-primary.xml.gz
bf7893674c749b8e5bb4688498d02e729c2ab4839cd6e3baeeeaa0c9d8aa24c7-other.xml.gz
de5be08c023c4647355eb21db734c14e07f61ddce7b3802e6a42867e4a46d45f-other.sqlite.bz2
repomd.xml
【三】進入/etc/yum.repo.d/下創建自己的repo文件
[root@cent7]/etc/yum.repos.d>vim myrepo.repo
[local]
name=/testdir/repodb
baseurl=file:///testdir/repodb
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
【四】查看yum倉庫信息
[root@cent7]/etc/yum.repos.d>yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
local | 2.9 kB 00:00
local/primary_db | 1.8 kB 00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
repo id repo name status
local /testdir/repodb 1
repolist: 1
【五】使用yum安裝tree軟件
[root@cent7]/etc/yum.repos.d>yum install tree
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 local 46 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================
Installed:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
Complete!
至此,本地的yum源已經配置好了,我們可以在/testdir/repodb/目錄下添加第三方的rpm包,每次添加完成后要執行一次createrepo命令,由此生成rpm包的元數據。創建本地的yum源極大的方便了軟件的安裝,充分發揮了yum工具的作用,無論是軟件的安裝、卸載、升級,yum都在/var/log/yum.log中記錄了相關信息。
CentOS 6.8基于httpd-2.2.29的yum源
雖然系統自帶的倉庫已經很常用,只要連接到互聯網我們就能很容易有獲取到互聯網的yum倉庫。但是如果是在企業內網,企業內部不允許訪問互聯網,又或者如果企業服務器眾多,如果都要從互聯網去獲取yum倉庫,那將很占用帶寬?;谶@種情況,我們就需要自己在企業內部創建yum倉庫。下圖是國內的開源鏡像網站,通過配置repo文件即可作為yum源
【一】下載并解壓httpd-2.2.29.tar.bz2
[root@cent6~]/home/testdir>tar xf httpd-2.2.29.tar.bz2
[root@cent6~]/home/testdir>cd httpd-2.2.29
【二】安裝Development tools
[root@cent6~]yum groupinstall "Development tools"
【三】配置./configure生成makefile文件,主要是指定軟件的安裝路徑與配置文件的路徑,可通過./configure –help查看相關說明與幫助
[root@cent6]/home/testdir/httpd-2.2.29>./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd^C
[root@cent6]/home/testdir/httpd-2.2.29>make && make install
【四】安裝完成,導入環境變量和lib庫目錄
[root@cent6]~>vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/httpd/bin
[root@cent6]~>. /etc/profile.d/http.sh #或重新登錄
[root@cent6]~>vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/httpd.conf
/usr/local/httpd/lib
[root@cent6]~>ldconfig
【五】導入頭文件到/usr/include,用軟鏈接或者拷貝
[root@cent6]~>ln -sv /usr/local/include/* /usr/include/
`/usr/include/*' -> `/usr/local/include/*'
【六】導入manual手冊的路徑到man.config
[root@cent6]~>vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/httpd/man
[root@cent6]~>man apachectl
【七】啟動apache,如果成功可以看到80端口已經啟用
[root@cent6]~>apachectl start
[root@cent6]~>netstat -tan
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
【八】暫時停止iptables,可以通過/sbin/iptables -F清除所有規則來暫時停止防火墻: (警告:這只適合在沒有配置防火墻的環境中,如果已經配置過默認規則為deny的環境,此步驟將使系統的所有網絡訪問中斷)
[root@cent6]~>/sbin/iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
[root@cent6]~>iptables -F
【九】在另一臺主機中測試http是否啟動,如果正確安裝則可以看到如下結果
[root@cent7]/etc>curl 10.1.253.64
<html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
【十】確保apache服務啟動成功的前提下,開始配置基于http的yum源,首先是在httpd的默認文檔路徑下創建repo倉庫,并放置rpm包,再生成repodata文件
[root@cent6]~>mkdir -p /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/centos/7/extras/x86_64/Packages/
cp /misc/cd/Packages/tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm ./Packages/
[root@cent6]~>createrepo Packages/ -o /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/centos/7/extras/x86_64/
可以看到生成了一個rpm包的元數據:
可以看到在瀏覽器中已經可以正常訪問http的yum文件列表
【十一】在CentOS 7中配置該repo倉庫
[root@cent7]~>vim /etc/yum.repos.d/myrepo.repo
1 [base]
2 name=myrepo
3 baseurl=http://10.1.253.64/centos/7/extras/x86_64/
4
5 gpgcheck=1
6 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
7 enabled=1
在CentOS 7上可以看到:
[root@cent7]~>yum list
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
tree.x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 installed
[root@cent7]/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/centos/7/extras/x86_64>yum install tree
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
==============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.5.3-3.el6 base 36 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================
Installed:
tree.x86_64 0:1.5.3-3.el6
由此,基于http的yum源已經完成了,但是軟件包不是一層不變的,如果有新的第三包需要使用yum安裝怎么辦呢?
此時需要createrepo –update即可,如下:
[root@cent6]~>createrepo /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/centos/7/extras/x86_64/ --update
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
CentOS 6.8基于ftp的yum源
【一】安裝vsftp程序,光盤鏡像中有相應的軟件包
[root@cent7]/media/cdrom/Packages>rpm -ih vsftpd*
################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
################################# [100%]
[root@cent6]/misc/cd/Packages>service vsftpd start
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
注意: FTP不需要任何配置,默認就是匿名可以訪問的。如果修改了/var/ftp的權限會導致本來是匿名訪問的忽然要你輸入用戶名密碼,改回 chmod 755 /var/ftp 即可
【二】把光盤鏡像copy到ftp的默認路徑/var/ftp/pub,并使用createrepo生成rpm包的元數據
[root@cent6]~>mkdir /var/ftp/pub/Packages/
[root@cent6]~>cp /misc/cd/Packages/tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm /var/ftp/pub/Packages/
[root@cent6]~>createrepo /var/ftp/pub/centos/Packages -o /var/ftp/pub/centos
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
【三】在CentOS 7上驗證ftp服務器是否可用:
[root@cent7]/home>lftp 10.1.253.64
lftp 10.1.253.64:/> dir pub/centos/
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Aug 09 13:46 Packages
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Aug 09 13:56 repodata
【四】配置repo文件,指向該ftp源
[root@cent7]~>vim /etc/yum.repos.d/myrepo.repo
[ftp]
1 name=ftp
2 baseurl=ftp://10.1.253.64/pub/centos/
3 gpgcheck=0
4 enabled=1
[root@cent7]~>yum clean all
[root@cent7]~>yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
repo id repo name status
ftp ftp 1
repolist: 1
【五】使用yum安裝軟件
[root@cent7]~>yum install tree
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
==============================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================
Installing:
tree x86_64 1.5.3-3.el6 ftp 36 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================
Installed:
tree.x86_64 0:1.5.3-3.el6
Complete!
由此,基于ftp的yum源已經配置完成了,,但是軟件包不是一層不變的,如果有新的第三包需要使用yum安裝怎么辦呢?此時需要createrepo –update即可,如下:
[root@cent6]~>createrepo /var/ftp/pub/centos/Packages/ --update
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
最后 but not least
原創文章,作者:helloc,如若轉載,請注明出處:http://www.www58058.com/39490