一、實驗準備：
1）實驗環境：
2）同步時間；確?？梢允褂弥鳈C名通信；確保可以使用ssh秘鑰方式進行彼此登錄；由于是兩臺設備，需要仲裁；
確保可以使用主機名通信
web1修改hosts文件如下： 172.16.2.12 web1.linux.com web1 172.16.2.14 web2.linux.com web2 web2修改hosts文件如下： 172.16.2.12 web1.linux.com web1 172.16.2.14 web2.linux.com web2
確保主機可以使用ssh秘鑰彼此登錄
[root@web1~]# ssh-keygen -P '' \\生成秘鑰 [root@web1~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.2.14 \\將公鑰復制給web2 [root@web2 ~]# ssh-keygen -P '' \\生成秘鑰 [root@web2 ~]# ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@172.16.2.12 \\將公鑰復制給web1
確保主機之間時間同步
[root@web1 ~]# crontab -e */5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.2.13 [root@web2 ~]# crontab -e */5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 172.16.2.13
測試
[root@web1 ~]# date; ssh web2 'date' Sat Jun 27 11:32:56 CST 2015 Sat Jun 27 11:32:56 CST 2015 [root@web2 ~]# date; ssh web1 'date' Sat Jun 27 11:33:42 CST 2015 Sat Jun 27 11:33:42 CST 2015
二、安裝配置heartbeat v1
1)安裝依賴包；前提準備好epel源
阿里云eple源 wget -P /etc/yum.repos.d/ http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo
[root@web1 heartbeat]# yum -y install net-snmp-libs PyXML gettext-devel libtool-ltdl pygtk2-devel libnet [root@web1 heartbeat]# rpm -ivh heartbeat-pils-2.1.4-12.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@web1 heartbeat]# rpm -ivh heartbeat-stonith-2.1.4-12.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@web1 heartbeat]# rpm -ivh heartbeat-2.1.4-12.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@web2 heartbeat]# yum -y install net-snmp-libs PyXML gettext-devel libtool-ltdl pygtk2-devel libnet [root@web2 heartbeat]# rpm -vih heartbeat-pils-2.1.4-12.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@web2 heartbeat]# rpm -ivh heartbeat-stonith-2.1.4-12.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@web2 heartbeat]# rpm -ivh heartbeat-2.1.4-12.el6.x86_64.rpm
2）對heartbeat進行配置
[root@web1 ha.d]# rpm -ql heartbeat \\查看heartbeat生成文件 [root@web1 ~]# cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-2.1.4/ [root@web1 heartbeat-2.1.4]# cp authkeys ha.cf haresources /etc/ha.d/ authkeys :是主機之間信息傳遞使用的秘鑰 ha.cf：是heartbeat的主配置文件 haresource: 資源配置文件 [root@web1 heartbeat-2.1.4]# cd /etc/ha.d/ [root@web1 ha.d]# openssl rand -hex 6 e5b50e897cb4 \\生成秘鑰 [root@web1 ha.d]# vim authkeys \\配置秘鑰 auth 1 1 md5 e5b50e897cb4 [root@web1 ha.d]# chmod 400 authkeys \\修改秘鑰文件的權限；建議使用400；如果不修改權限heartbeat無法啟動 [root@web1 ha.d]# vim ha.cf logfile /var/log/ha-log \\ 定義日志文件 mcast eth0 226.10.10.1 694 1 0 \\定義組播地址以及傳遞的相關屬性（mcast組播；bcast廣播；ucast單播） auto_failback on \\搶占模式；主節點恢復故障后從備用節點那里搶回主節點功能 node web1.linux.com \\添加ha節點；此名稱必須是“uname -n”看到的主機名 node web2.linux.com \\添加ha節點；此名稱必須是“uname -n”看到的主機名 ping 172.16.2.1 \\ 定義仲裁設備 compression bz2 \\啟用壓縮功能 compression_threshold 2 \\大于多少k之后開始壓縮 [root@web1 ha.d]# vim haresources web1.linux.com 172.16.2.100/24/eth0/172.16.2.100 httpd \\定義資源（定義VIP，httpd） [root@web1 ha.d]# scp -p ha.cf haresources authkeys web2:/etc/ha.d \\將配置好的文件復制給web2一份
3）安裝httpd
[root@web1 ~]# yum -y install httpd ; ssh web2 'yum -y install httpd' \\安裝httpd [root@web1 ~]# echo "<h1>web1</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html \\添加默認文檔 [root@web2 ~]# echo "<h1>web2</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html \\添加默認文檔 [root@web1 ~]# service httpd start \\啟動http Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@web1 ~]# curl \\測試httpd <h1>web1</h1> [root@web1 ~]# service httpd stop \\停止httpd Stopping httpd: [ OK ] [root@web1 ~]# chkconfig httpd off \\禁止開機啟動httpd [root@web2 ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [root@web2 ~]# curl http://172.16.2.14 <h1>web2</h1> [root@web2 ~]# service httpd stop Stopping httpd: [ OK ] [root@web2 ~]# chkconfig httpd off
4）啟動heartbeat
[root@web1 ~]# service heartbeat start; ssh web2 'service heartbeat start' Starting High-Availability services: 2015/06/27_12:40:25 INFO: Resource is stopped Done. Starting High-Availability services: 2015/06/27_12:40:25 INFO: Resource is stopped Done.
5）查看啟動結果：
[root@web1 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:0E:C4:29
inet addr:172.16.2.12 Bcast:172.16.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe0e:c429/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:55852 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:32064 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:64541607 (61.5 MiB) TX bytes:9222342 (8.7 MiB)
eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:0E:C4:29
inet addr:172.16.2.100 Bcast:172.16.2.100 Mask:255.255.255.0 \\VIP地址
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:453 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:453 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:44156 (43.1 KiB) TX bytes:44156 (43.1 KiB)
[root@web1 ~]# service httpd status
httpd (pid 11984) is running... \\httd服務已啟動
[root@web1 ~]# ss -upln \\查看heartbet v1版監聽端口，為udp的694
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
UNCONN 0 0 *:647 *:* users:(("portreserve",934,6))
UNCONN 0 0 226.10.10.1:694 *:* users:(("heartbeat",12952,7),("heartbeat",12953,7))
UNCONN 0 0 *:847 *:* users:(("portreserve",934,8))
UNCONN 0 0 *:42975 *:* users:(("heartbeat",12952,6),("heartbeat",12953,6))
6）web1是主節點，web2是備節點；訪問測試
將web1切換為備節點，web2為主節點
[root@web1 ~]# cd /usr/lib64/heartbeat/ ha_propagate \\此腳本是將heartbeat的配置文件復制給其他節點 hb_standby \\此腳本是將當前節點切換為備節點 hb_takeover \\此腳本是將當前節點切換為主節點 [root@web1 heartbeat]# ./hb_standby \\將web1切換為備節點 2015/06/27_12:47:03 Going standby [all].
訪問測試
擴展：使用NFS為兩臺高可用主機提供NFS文件系統
1）在時間服務器開啟NFS功能
[root@time-or-nfs ~]# vim /etc/exports /web/html 172.16.2.0/24(rw,no_root_squash) \\定義共享文件訪問權限以及不壓縮root用戶權限 [root@time-or-nfs ~]# mkdir -pv /web/html \\創建此目錄 [root@time-or-nfs ~]# service nfs start \\ 啟動nfs [root@time-or-nfs ~]# exportfs -arv \\查看nfs exporting 172.16.2.0/24:/web/html [root@time-or-nfs ~]# echo "<h1>NFS Page</h1>" > /web/html/index.html \\定義web主頁
2）掛載測試
[root@web1 ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.2.13:/web/html /mnt [root@web1 ~]# mount 172.16.2.13:/web/html on /mnt type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=172.16.2.13,clientaddr=172.16.2.12) [root@web1 ~]# cd /mnt/ [root@web1 mnt]# ls index.html [root@web2 ~]# umount /mnt \\卸載 [root@web2 ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.2.13:/web/html /mnt [root@web2 ~]# mount 172.16.2.13:/web/html on /mnt type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=172.16.2.13,clientaddr=172.16.2.14) [root@web2 ~]# cd /mnt/ [root@web2 mnt]# ls index.html [root@web2 ~]# umount /mnt \\卸載
3）修改資源配置文件；
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/ha.d/haresources \\編輯heartbeat的資源配置文件 web1.linux.com 172.16.2.100/24/eth0/172.16.2.100 Filesystem::172.16.2.13:/web/html/::/var/www/html/::nfs httpd [root@web1 ~]# scp /etc/ha.d/haresources web2:/etc/ha.d/ \\復制新的資源配置文件給web2一份
4）重啟啟動heartbeat
[root@web1 ~]# service heartbeat restart;ssh web2 'service heartbeat restart' Stopping High-Availability services: Done. Waiting to allow resource takeover to complete: Done. Starting High-Availability services: 2015/06/27_13:08:30 INFO: Resource is stopped Done. Stopping High-Availability services: Done. Waiting to allow resource takeover to complete: Done. Starting High-Availability services: 2015/06/27_13:08:50 INFO: Resource is stopped Done.
5）查看啟動狀態
[root@web1 heartbeat]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:0E:C4:29 inet addr:172.16.2.12 Bcast:172.16.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe0e:c429/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:176947 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:117322 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:212876014 (203.0 MiB) TX bytes:18332012 (17.4 MiB) eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:0E:C4:29 inet addr:172.16.2.100 Bcast:172.16.2.100 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:1246 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1246 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:118420 (115.6 KiB) TX bytes:118420 (115.6 KiB) [root@web1 ~]# mount 172.16.2.13:/web/html/ on /var/www/html type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=172.16.2.13,clientaddr=172.16.2.12)
6）訪問web頁面測試
原創文章，作者：馬行空，如若轉載，請注明出處：http://www.www58058.com/5715
