給linux系統添加新的磁盤

虛擬化環境中，我們經常會遇到需要增加磁盤容量的情況，通常有兩種方式，第一種是添加一塊新的硬盤，另一種是擴容原有磁盤，以下是添加新磁盤至linux系統的操作規范。注：具體磁盤信息可能有所不同。

##查看新增加磁盤/dev/sdb的信息

[root@CentOS7 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

##在新磁盤/dev/sdb上創建分區

[root@CentOS7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x8c60b336.

Command (m for help): n   ##新建分區

Partition type:

   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)

   e   extended

Select (default p): p ##主分區

Partition number (1-4, default 1):             ##保持默認

First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):      ##保持默認

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): +100M        ##磁盤分區大小為100MB

Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set

Command (m for help): w  ##寫入分區信息

The partition table has been altered!

Using default value 2048

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@CentOS7 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb     ##再次查看/dev/sdb的信息，此時應該有新增的一個分區/dev/sdb1

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk label type: dos

Disk identifier: 0x8c60b336

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1            2048      206847      102400   83  Linux

[root@CentOS7 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1      ##查看分區信息，因為此時并沒有格式化，所以此處無任何顯示

[root@CentOS7 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1     ##格式化分區/dev/sdb1，格式為ext4

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=1024 (log=0)

Fragment size=1024 (log=0)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

25688 inodes, 102400 blocks

5120 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=1

Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504

13 block groups

8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group

1976 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

            8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Allocating group tables: done                           

Writing inode tables: done                           

Creating journal (4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@CentOS7 ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1      ##再次查看分區信息，此時已經有磁盤ID和分區類型

/dev/sdb1: UUID="a7a1bc0d-eddd-46e8-8b06-27b41b287424" TYPE="ext4"

[root@CentOS7 ~]# mkdir /Data             ##創建新的數據掛載點

[root@CentOS7 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /Data/  ##掛載新分區/dev/sdb1至新的掛載點

[root@CentOS7 ~]# mount          ##查看現在系統的掛載信息

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)

……

/dev/sdb1 on /Data type ext4 (rw,relatime,seclabel,data=ordered)            ##已經成功掛載