1、請描述一次完整的http請求處理過程；
（1）建立和處理連接：接收請求或者拒絕請求；
（2）接收請求：接收來自于網絡上的主機請求報文中對某特定的資源的一次請求的過程；
（3）處理請求：對請求報文進行解析，獲取客戶端請求的資源及請求方法等相關信息
（4）訪問資源：獲取請求報文中請求的資源
（5）構建響應報文；
（6）發送響應報文；
（7）記錄日志；
2、httpd所支持的處理模型有哪些，他們的分別使用于哪些環境。
prefork：多進程模型，每個進程響應一個請求；
一個主進程：負責生成子進程及回收子進程；負責創建套接字；負責接收請求，并將其派發給某子進程進行處理；
n個子進程：每個子進程處理一個請求；
工作模型：會預先生成幾個空閑進程，隨時等待用于響應用戶請求；最大空閑和最小空閑；
適用場景：它適合于沒有線程安全庫，需要避免線程兼容性問題的系統。它是要求將每個請求相互獨立的情況下最好的MPM，這樣若一個請求出現問題就不會影響到其他請求，適合于并發量適中而又追求穩定的用戶使用。
worker：多進程多線程模型，每線程處理一個用戶請求；
一個主進程：負責生成子進程；負責創建套接字；負責接收請求，并將其派發給某子進程進行處理；
多個子進程：每個子進程負責生成多個線程；
每個線程：負責響應用戶請求；
并發響應數量：m*n
m：子進程數量
n：每個子進程所能創建的最大線程數量；
適用場景：占據更少的內存，高并發下表現更優秀。
event：事件驅動模型，多進程模型，每個進程響應多個請求；
一個主進程 ：負責生成子進程；負責創建套接字；負責接收請求，并將其派發給某子進程進行處理；
子進程：基于事件驅動機制直接響應多個請求；
適用場景：event模型是三種模型中效率最高的一種，可以突破10K的限制（即并發數1W),對海量的系統特別適用。
3、源碼編譯安裝LAMP環境（基于wordpress程序），并寫出詳細的安裝、配置、測試過程。
1.httpd源碼編譯
(1) apr-1.4+
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
# make && make install
(2) apr-util-1.4+
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
# make && make install
(3) httpd-2.4
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork
# make && make install
(4）pcre-devel
# yum install pcre-devel -y
(5) openssl
# yum install openssl-devel -y
（6）導出二進制程序目錄至PATH環境變量中
vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/apache24/bin:$PATH
(7)導出httpd頭文件
#ln -s /usr/local/apache24/include/ /usr/include/httpd/
（8）添加chkconfig啟動服務
[root@www apache24]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/
[root@www init.d]# cp httpd httpd24
[root@www init.d]# vim httpd24
#if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then //將此行注釋掉
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
#fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache24/bin/apachectl //修改路徑
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache24/bin/httpd} //修改路徑
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/usr/local/apache24/logs/httpd.pid} //修改路徑
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd24} //修改路徑
RETVAL=0
STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}
[root@www init.d]# chkconfig --add httpd24
[root@www init.d]# chkconfig --list httpd24
httpd24 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
[root@www init.d]# service httpd24 start
Starting httpd: [ OK ]
[root@www init.d]# service httpd24 status
httpd (pid 37687) is running...
[root@www init.d]# ss -ntl |grep 80
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
2.mysql二進制安裝
1.創建mysql用戶與組 [root@www mysql]# id mysql uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql) 2.創建Mysql目錄并修改屬主與屬組 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -pv /mydata/data/ [root@localhost mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /mydata/data/ 3.解壓mysql安裝包到/usr/local [root@www mnt]# tar -zxf mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ 4.創建軟連接 [root@www local]# ln -sv mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql 5.修改/usr/local/mysql/目錄下所有文件和子目錄的屬主，屬組： [root@localhost mysql]# chown -R root:mysql ./* 6.創建/etc/mysql/目錄，并復制 support-files/my-large.cnf到/etc/mysql/目錄下，更名為my.cnf [root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /etc/mysql [root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf 7.編輯/etc/mysql/my.cnf文件： [root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf （在[mysqld]段下面加入以下三行） datadir = /mydata/data skip_name_resolve = ON innodb_file_per_table = ON 8.初始化mysql數據庫： [root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/mydata/data 9.創建mysql服務啟動腳本： [root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig –add mysqld 10.把/etc/my.cnf文件移到/tmp目錄下： [root@localhost mysql]# mv /etc/my.cnf /tmp/ 11.啟動mysql服務： [root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start 12.修改PATH變量： [root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH 13.重載配置文件： [root@localhost mysql]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 14.添加/usr/local/mysql/lib/目錄下的庫文件到系統搜索路徑下： [root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf /usr/local/mysql/lib 15.重新加載模塊，并查看 [root@localhost mysql]# ldconfig [root@www local]# ldconfig -p |grep mysql libmysqlclient_r.so.16 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient_r.so.16 libmysqlclient.so.18 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 libmysqlclient.so.16 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.16 libmysqlclient.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so
3.php源碼編譯
1.安裝依賴包
[root@www php-5.4.26]# yum install libxml2-devel libmcrypt-devel
2.檢查
[root@www php-5.4.26]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-openssl --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --enable-mbstring --with-png-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache24/bin/apxs --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2
3.編譯并安裝
[root@www php-5.4.26]# make -j 4 && make install
4.復制配置文件至/etc/php.ini
[root@www php-5.4.26]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
5.修改/etc/httpd.conf
[root@localhost httpd24]# vim httpd.conf
加入下面兩行：
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
6.新建一個php頁面測試
[root@localhost httpd24]vim /usr/local/apache24/htdocs/index.php
<?php
phpinfo()
?>
7.測試成功的話，再進行測試與mysql連接
[root@localhost httpd24]vim /usr/local/apache24/htdocs/index.php
<?php
$conn = mysql_connect('127.0.0.1','root','');
if ($conn)
echo "ok";
else
echo "failure";
?>
4.wordpress源碼編譯
1.切換到/usr/local/apache24/htdocs/目錄下：
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/apache24/htdocs/
2.解壓縮：
[root@localhost htdocs]# tar -xf wordpress-4.5.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
3.切換到wordpress目錄下：
[root@localhost htdocs]# cd wordpress/
復制一份wordpress配置文件：
4.[root@localhost wordpress]# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
登陸mariadb數據數據庫：
5.[root@localhost wordpress]# mysql
授權用戶：
ariaDB [(none)]> grant all on wpdb.* to wpuser@'%' identified by '123456';
創建數據庫：
MariaDB [(none)]> create database wpdb;
6.編輯wo-config.php文件；
[root@localhost wordpress]# vim wp-config.php
/** WordPress數據庫的名稱 */define('DB_NAME', 'wpdb'); /（修改為wpdb數據庫）
/** MySQL數據庫用戶名 */ define('DB_USER', 'wpuser'); （修改為wpuser用戶）
/** MySQL數據庫密碼 */define('DB_PASSWORD', '123456'); /（修改密碼為123456）
/** MySQL主機 */define('DB_HOST', '192.168.180.130'); /（修改192.168.180.130這臺主機可以訪問mysql）
至此所有配置完成。
7.可通過網頁http://192.168.180.130/wordpress進行訪問
4、建立httpd服務器(基于編譯的方式進行)，要求：
提供兩個基于名稱的虛擬主機:
(a)www1.stuX.com，頁面文件目錄為/web/vhosts/www1；錯誤日志為/var/log/httpd/www1.err，訪問日志為/var/log/httpd/www1.access；
(b)www2.stuX.com，頁面文件目錄為/web/vhosts/www2；錯誤日志為/var/log/httpd/www2.err，訪問日志為/var/log/httpd/www2.access；
(c)為兩個虛擬主機建立各自的主頁文件index.html，內容分別為其對應的主機名；
(d)通過www1.stuX.com/server-status輸出httpd工作狀態相關信息，且只允許提供帳號密碼才能訪問(status:status)；
1.創建目錄與日志文件
[root@www ~]# mkdir /web/vhosts/www{1,2} -p
[root@www ~]# touch /var/log/httpd/www{1,2}.{err,access}
[root@www ~]# vim /web/vhosts/www1/index.html
<p> www1 </p>
[root@www ~]# vim /web/vhosts/www2/index.html
<p> www2 </p>
2.編輯httpd主配置文件/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
NameVirtualHost 192.168.2.164:80 <VirtualHost 192.168.2.164:80> DocumentRoot /web/vhosts/www1 ServerName www.a.com ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www1.err" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www1.access" combind <Location /server-status> SetHandler server-status Authtype Basic Authname "status area" AuthUserFiLE "/etc/httpd/users/.htpasswd" Require valid-user </Location> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 192.168.2.164:80> DocumentRoot /web/vhosts/www2 ServerName www.b.com ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/www2.err" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/www2.access" combind </VirtualHost>
3.創建用戶認證文件
[root@www ~]# mkdir /etc/httpd/users [root@www ~]# htpasswd -c -m /etc/httpd/users/.htpasswd tom New password: Re-type newpassword: Adding passwordfor user status [root@www ~]## service httpd restart
5、為第4題中的第2個虛擬主機提供https服務，使得用戶可以通過https安全的訪問此web站點；
(1)要求使用證書認證，證書中要求使用的國家(CN)、州(HA)、城市(ZZ)和組織(MageEdu)；
(2)設置部門為Ops，主機名為www2.stuX.com，郵件為admin@stuX.com；
1.創建私有CA
（1）生成私鑰
[root@localhost ~]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem 4096)
Generating RSA private key, 4096 bit long modulus
.......................++
.........................................................................................++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
（2）生成自簽名證書
[root@localhost ~]# openssl req -new -x509 -key /etc/pki/CA/private/cakey.pem -out /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem -days 3655
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:HA
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ZZ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:MageEdu
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www2.stuX.com
Email Address []:admin@stuX.com
（3）為CA提供所需要的文件和目錄
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -pv /etc/pki/CA/{certs,crl,newcerts}
[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/pki/CA/{serial,index.txt}
[root@localhost ~]# echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial
2.http服務器向CA申請證書
(1) 用到證書的主機生成私鑰； [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/httpd/ssl [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/httpd/ssl [root@localhost ssl]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key 2048) (2) 生成證書簽署請求 ~]# openssl req -new -key /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key -out /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr -days 365 You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter '.', the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN State or Province Name (full name) []:HA Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:ZZ Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:MageEdu Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Ops Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www2.stuX.com Email Address []:admin@stuX.com Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []:123456 An optional company name []:Ops (3) 將請求通過可靠方式發送給CA主機； (4) 在CA主機上簽署證書； ~]# openssl ca -in /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.csr -out /etc/pki/CA/certs/httpd.crt -days 365 Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Dec 11 16:31:18 2016 GMT Not After : Dec 11 16:31:18 2017 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = HA organizationName = MageEdu organizationalUnitName = Ops commonName = www2.stuX.com emailAddress = admin@stuX.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE Netscape Comment: OpenSSL Generated Certificate X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 42:64:3B:CE:2B:0D:D8:0A:33:00:61:89:F4:78:49:8E:17:18:95:FC X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:E4:B9:8C:C4:EB:B8:72:7F:6A:87:37:0F:A6:54:04:4A:CE:B2:90:8E Certificate is to be certified until Dec 11 16:31:18 2017 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated
3.配置http服務器加密傳輸
1.安裝ssl模塊 [root@localhost certs]# yum install mod_ssl -y [root@localhost certs]# rpm -q mod_ssl mod_ssl-2.2.15-29.el6.centos.x86_64 2.修改/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf Listen 443 <VirtualHost 192.168.180.130:443> DocumentRoot /web/vhosts/www2 ServerName www2.stuX.com:443 SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/CA/certs/httpd.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/ssl/httpd.key </VirtualHost> 3.重啟httpd服務 [root@localhost ssl]# service httpd restart Stopping httpd: [ OK ] Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName [ OK ]
6、在LAMP架構中，請分別以php編譯成httpd模塊形式和php以fpm工作為獨立守護進程的方式來支持httpd，列出詳細的過程
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寫的很好，按照你的步驟來，完全可以搭建出來想要的東西，排版也很棒，繼續保持