Cobbler介紹：
Cobbler能夠快速建立多系統同時安裝的網絡系統安裝環境；傳統的pxe+dhcp+tftp+kickstart僅能夠提供單一系統安裝，功能過于簡單；如果遇到安裝不同操作系統時就遇到瓶頸；而cobbler正好解決了這一問題。Cobbler是增強版的網絡系統安裝。
Cobbler由不同的組件配合完成系統安裝，各組件之間配合如下圖所示：
一、實驗環境準備：
(1)一臺主機，并且關閉SELinux和iptables防火墻
(2)準備兩個兩個光盤鏡像文件，一個是CentOS-6.5;另一個是CentOS-6.6
(3)tftp,dhcp,cobbler都在一臺主機
二、配置Cobbler：
(1)安裝Cobbler
[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install cobbler pykickstart debmirror httpd syslinux tfpt dhcp \\需要事先準備好epel源
(2)啟動httpd和cobbler
[root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start [root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/cobblerd start
(3)運行cobbler check檢查cobbler環境
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment: https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux 4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 5 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 6 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 7 : comment out 'dists' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 8 : comment out 'arches' on /etc/debmirror.conf for proper debian support 9 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 10 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. 根據提示完善cobbler運行環境 1、編輯/etc/cobbler/settings,修改如下內容 server: 172.16.2.13 \\默認為127.0.0.1，要修改為cobbler的對外通信的IP 2、編輯/etc/cobbler/settings,修改如下內容： next_server: 172.16.2.13 \\此處填寫tftp的地址，默認為127.0.0.1 3、編輯/etc/sysconfgi/selinux SELINUX=disabled \\修改完需要重啟 4、設置tftp開機啟動 [root@node2 ~]# chkconfig tftp on 5、根據提示運行cobbler get-loaders [root@node2 ~]# cobbler get-loaders \\如果沒有網絡可以復制/usr/share/syslinux/* /var/lib/cobbler/loaders 6、設置rsync開機啟動 [root@node2 ~]# chkconfig rsync on 7和8注釋掉/etc/debmirror.conf的選項 #@dists="sid"; #@arches="i386"; \\注釋掉這兩個選項 9、生成新的秘鑰，添加至/etc/cobbler/settings [root@node2 ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt `openssl rand -hex 4` Password: $1$28999937$ExBtgrSzOiI/ri3NknQQB1 編輯/etc/cobbler/settings配置文件，將生成的秘鑰添替換原有的秘鑰 default_password_crypted: "$1$28999937$ExBtgrSzOiI/ri3NknQQB1" 10、可以忽略
(4)以上修改操作完以后，進程同步，然后在進行檢查
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler sync task started: 2014-12-16_114120_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Dec 16 11:41:20 2014) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images copying bootloaders trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0 trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32 trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk copying distros to tftpboot copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE *** root@node2 ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them \\此提示可以忽略
(5)掛載CentOS6.5光盤鏡像，導入鏡像到cobbler
[root@node2 ~]# mount -r /dev/cdrom /mnt [root@node2 ~]# mount -r /dev/cdrom /mnt [root@node2 ~]# cobbler import --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64 --path=/mnt task started: 2014-12-16_114737_import task started (id=Media import, time=Tue Dec 16 11:47:37 2014) Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6 Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6 Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64: creating new distro: CentOS-6.5-x86_64 trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-6.5-x86_64 creating new profile: CentOS-6.5-x86_64 associating repos checking for rsync repo(s) checking for rhn repo(s) checking for yum repo(s) starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64 for CentOS-6.5-x86_64 processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64 need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64 looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.5-x86_64/repodata *** TASK COMPLETE ***
(6)導入CentOS6.6的光盤鏡像與CentOS的方法一樣，這里就不在講述了
(7)查看導入的關盤鏡像信息
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler distro list CentOS-6.5-x86_64 CentOS-6.6-x86_64
(8)刪除導入鏡像文件自動生成的profile文件，添加自己定制的profile文件
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler profile remove --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64; cobbler profile remove --name=CentOS-6.6-x86_64
(9)復制制作好的kickstart文件到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts
[root@node2 ~]# cp kickstart_6.6.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.6-x86_64 [root@node2 ~]# cp kickstart_6.5.cfg /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.5-x86_64
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-6.5-x86_64 --distro=CentOS-6.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.5-x86_64 [root@node2 ~]# cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-6.6-x86_64 --distro=CentOS-6.6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.6-x86_64
(10)查看添加的profile文件
[root@node2 ~]# cobbler profile list CentOS-6.5-x86_64 CentOS-6.6-x86_64
三、配置dhcp
編輯配置文件，修改內容如下：
[root@node2 ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf \\添加配置文件
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet 172.16.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 172.16.2.10 172.16.2.100 ;
option routers 172.16.2.1;
next-server 172.16.2.13; \\定義tftp服務器的地址
filename "pxelinux.0"; \\定義安裝主機所需要獲取的文件
}
[root@node2 ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd start \\啟動dhcp
四、利用cobbler安裝操作系統
CentOS6.5的安裝過程
CentOS6.6的安裝過程：
五、配置cobbler的web控制端：
(1)安裝
[root@node2 ~]# yum -y install cobbler-web
(2)編輯配置文件/etc/cobbler/modules.conf修改內容如下：
[authentication] module = authn_pam
(3)添加登錄cobbler的web用戶及密碼
[root@node2 ~]# useradd cobbler;echo "admin" |passwd --stdin cobbler
(4）編輯配置文/etc/cobbler/users.conf修改內容如下：
[admins] admin = "cobbler" \\填寫剛剛創建的cobbler用戶 cobbler = ""
(5)重新啟動cobbler，訪問web頁面，地址是：http://172.16.2.13/cobbler_web
關于web頁面配置cobbler的操作請各位大俠研究吧，我就先介紹到這里。
六、知識擴展：
經常有同學在配置網絡安裝時遇到以下故障：
如果你去網上搜索全都是說內存不夠，其實根本就不是內存問題。
解決方法：在制作kickstart文件是沒有勾選清除mbr選項導致的，重新執行kickstart文件，選擇清除mbr即可，
如下圖所示：
到此cobbler的配置已經完成，可以在工作中使用，如有問題可以一起解決。
cobbler官網地址：http://cobbler.github.io/
原創文章，作者：馬行空，如若轉載，請注明出處：http://www.www58058.com/6908
