1、創建一個10G分區，并格式為ext4文件系統； (1) 要求其block大小為2048, 預留空間百分比為2, 卷標為MYDATA, 默認掛載屬性包含acl；
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x35f2524b.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1566, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1566, default 1566): +10G
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 68.7 GB, 68719476736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8354 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00080118
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 8355 66595840 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 12.9 GB, 12884901888 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1566 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x35f2524b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490412+ 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
[root@node1 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -L MYDATA -m 2 /dev/sdb1
Warning: specified blocksize 2048 is less than device physical sectorsize 4096
/dev/sdb1 alignment is offset by 512 bytes.
This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested.
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=MYDATA
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=2 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
657408 inodes, 5245206 blocks
104904 blocks (2.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=543162368
321 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104,
2048000, 3981312
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@node1 ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
[root@node1 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem volume name: MYDATA
Last mounted on: <not available>
Filesystem UUID: d34ccee5-41dc-41be-b81d-09de4cf406f8
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash
Default mount options: acl
Filesystem state: clean
...
(2) 掛載至/data/mydata目錄，要求掛載時禁止程序自動運行，且不更新文件的訪問時間戳；
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /mydata
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 26 08:57:47 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b41284cf-58ea-42af-a9dc-6d4d3b39e6bd /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_home /home ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
[root@node1 ~]# mount -a
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root
50G 2.1G 45G 5% /
tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 28M 425M 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_home
12G 29M 11G 1% /home
/dev/sdb1 9.8G 13M 9.6G 1% /mydata
2、創建一個大小為1G的swap分區，并創建好文件系統，并啟用之；
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (1306-1566, default 1306):
Using default value 1306
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1306-1566, default 1566): +1G
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@node1 ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
[root@node1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
8 0 67108864 sda
8 1 512000 sda1
8 2 66595840 sda2
8 16 12582912 sdb
8 17 10490412 sdb1
8 18 1052260 sdb2
253 0 52428800 dm-0
253 1 2064384 dm-1
253 2 12099584 dm-2
[root@node1 ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1052256 KiB
no label, UUID=9a337afc-207f-4568-99a4-812d263fd223
[root@node1 ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2
[root@node1 ~]# free -g
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 0 0 0 0 0 0
-/+ buffers/cache: 0 0
Swap: 2 0 2
[root@node1 ~]# cat /proc/swaps
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/dm-1 partition 2064380 0 -1
/dev/sdb2 partition 1052256 0 -2
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 26 08:57:47 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b41284cf-58ea-42af-a9dc-6d4d3b39e6bd /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_home /home ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0
[root@node1 ~]# mount -a
3、寫一個腳本
(1)、獲取并列出當前系統上的所有磁盤設備；
#!/bin/bash
for dev in $(fdisk -l | grep "Disk /" | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d ':')
do
echo ${dev}
done
(2)、顯示每個磁盤設備上每個分區相關的空間使用信息；
for par in $(disk -l | grep ^/dev | awk '{print $1}')
do
echo ${par}
df -HT ${par}
done
4、總結RAID的各個級別及其組合方式和性能的不同；
5、創建一個大小為10G的RAID1，要求有一個空閑盤，而且CHUNK大小為128k;
先創建3個10g的分區sda1,sda2,sda3
[root@node1 ~]#mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 3 -c 128 -x 1 /dev/sda{1,2,3}
[root@node1 ~]#mdadm -D /dev/md1
6、創建一個大小為4G的RAID5設備，chunk大小為256k，格式化ext4文件系統，要求可開機自動掛載至/backup目錄，而且不更新訪問時間戳，且支持acl功能；
先創建3個4g的分區sdb1，sdb2，sdb3
[root@node1 ~]#mdadm -C /dev/md2 -l 5 -c 256 -n 3 /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
[root@node1 ~]#mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1
[root@node1 ~]#vim /etc/fsatb
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 26 08:57:47 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b41284cf-58ea-42af-a9dc-6d4d3b39e6bd /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_home /home ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0
UUID='cbe43ac9-28be-4656-93e1-07bf03c72d14'
/backup ext4 defaults,acl,noatime 0 0
7、寫一個腳本
- (1) 接受一個以上文件路徑作為參數；
- (2) 顯示每個文件擁有的行數；
- (3) 總結說明本次共為幾個文件統計了其行數；
#!/bin/bash
declare -i file_num line_num
file_num=0
line_num=0
if [ $# -eq 0 ];then
echo 'no parm...'
exit
fi
for file in $@;do
if [ -f $file ];then
line=$(cat $file |wc -l)
echo "$file total line $line "
let file_num++
let line_num+=$line
else
continue
fi
done
echo "All file number is $file_num"
echo "All line number is $line_num"
8、寫一個腳本
- (1) 傳遞兩個以上字符串當作用戶名；
- (2) 創建這些用戶；且密碼同用戶名；
- (3) 總結說明共創建了幾個用戶；
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -lt 2 ];then
echo "User at least two"
exit
fi
for user in $@;do
useradd ${user}
echo ${user} | passwd --stdin ${user}
let num++
done
echo "total create $num users"
9、寫一個腳本，新建20個用戶，visitor1-visitor20；計算他們的ID之和；
#!/bin/bash
for i in `seq 20`;do
useradd visitor${i}
num=`id -u visitor${i}`
let num_total+=$num
done
echo "visitor1-visitor20 uid total ${num_total}"
10、寫一腳本，分別統計/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit、/etc/init.d/function和/etc/fstab文件中以#號開頭的行數之和，以及總的空白行數；
#!/bin/bash
check_space() {
for file in $@;do
if [ -f $file ];then
space_line=$(cat $file | grep -c "^$")
echo "$file space line is $space_line"
else
echo -n -e "no file\nexit\n"
exit
fi
done
}
check_head() {
for file in $@;do
if [ -f $file ];then
head_line=$(cat $file | grep -c "^#")
echo "$file '#' head line is $head_line"
else
echo -n -e "no file\nexit\n"
exit
fi
done
}
check_space /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /etc/init.d/function /etc/fstab
check_head /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /etc/init.d/function /etc/fstab
11、寫一個腳本，顯示當前系統上所有默認shell為bash的用戶的用戶名、UID以及此類所有用戶的UID之和；
#!/bin/bash
cat /etc/passwd |grep "/bin/bash"| awk -F ":" '{print $1,$3}'
uids=`cat /etc/passwd |grep "/bin/bash"| awk -F ":" '{print $3}'`
for uid in $uids;do
let total+=$uid
done
echo "all shell is '/bin/bash' uid total is $total"
12、寫一個腳本，顯示當前系統上所有，擁有附加組的用戶的用戶名；并說明共有多少個此類用戶；
#!/bin/bash
users=`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F ':' '{print $1}'`
for user in $users;do
if [ `groups $user | awk -F ':' '{print $2 }' | wc -w` -gt 1 ];then
echo $user
let line++
else
continue
fi
done
echo "total $line"
13、創建一個由至少兩個物理卷組成的大小為20G的卷組；要求，PE大小為8M；而在卷組中創建一個大小為5G的邏輯卷mylv1，格式化為ext4文件系統，開機自動掛載至/users目錄，支持acl；
[root@node1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
[root@node1 ~]# vgcreate -s 8M myvg1 /dev/sdb{1,2}
Volume group "myvg1" successfully created
[root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -n mylv1 -L 5g myvg1
Logical volume "mylv1" created.
[root@node1 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/myvg1/mylv1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Discarding device blocks: done
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=1 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jan 26 08:57:47 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=b41284cf-58ea-42af-a9dc-6d4d3b39e6bd /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_home /home ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/myvg1/mylv1 /users ext4 defaults,acl 0 0
14、新建用戶magedu；其家目錄為/users/magedu，而后su切換至此用戶，復制多個文件至家目錄；
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -d /users/magedu magedu
[root@node1 ~]# su - magedu
[magedu@node1 ~]$ pwd
/users/magedu
[magedu@node1 ~]$ ls -a
. .. .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc
15、擴展mylv1至9G，確保擴展完成后原有數據完全可用；
[root@node1 ~]# lvextend -L 9g /dev/myvg1/mylv1
Size of logical volume myvg1/mylv1 changed from 5.00 GiB (640 extents) to 9.00 GiB (1152 extents).
Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized.
[root@node1 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
mylv1 myvg1 -wi-ao---- 9.00g
lv_home vg_node1 -wi-ao---- 11.54g
lv_root vg_node1 -wi-ao---- 50.00g
lv_swap vg_node1 -wi-ao---- 1.97g
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root
50G 2.1G 45G 5% /
tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 28M 425M 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_home
12G 30M 11G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/myvg1-mylv1
4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /users
[root@node1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg1/mylv1 9G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/myvg1/mylv1 is mounted on /users; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/myvg1/mylv1 to 2359296 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/myvg1/mylv1 is now 2359296 blocks long.
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_root
50G 2.1G 45G 5% /
tmpfs 497M 0 497M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 28M 425M 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_node1-lv_home
12G 30M 11G 1% /home
/dev/mapper/myvg1-mylv1
8.8G 12M 8.3G 1% /users
16、縮減mylv1至7G，確?？s減完成后原有數據完全可用；
[root@node1 ~]# umount /users/
[root@node1 ~]# e2fsck /dev/myvg1/mylv1
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/myvg1/mylv1: clean, 16/589824 files, 72676/2359296 blocks
[root@node1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg1/mylv1 7G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Please run 'e2fsck -f /dev/myvg1/mylv1' first.
[root@node1 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg1/mylv1
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/myvg1/mylv1: 16/589824 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 72676/2359296 blocks
[root@node1 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg1/mylv1 7G
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/myvg1/mylv1 to 1835008 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/myvg1/mylv1 is now 1835008 blocks long.
[root@node1 ~]# lvreduce -L 7g /dev/myvg1/mylv1
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 7.00 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce myvg1/mylv1? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume myvg1/mylv1 changed from 9.00 GiB (1152 extents) to 7.00 GiB (896 extents).
Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized.
[root@node1 ~]# mount -a
[root@node1 ~]# su - magedu
[magedu@node1 ~]$ ls -a
. .. .bash_history .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc
[magedu@node1 ~]$ cat .bash_history
pwd
ls
ls -a
cd ..
cd
lvextend -L 9g /dev/myvg1/mylv1
exit
[magedu@node1 ~]$
17、對mylv1創建快照，并通過備份數據；要求保留原有的屬主屬組等信息；"
[root@node1 ~]# lvcreate -L 3g -n mylv1_snp -s -p r /dev/myvg1/mylv1
Logical volume "mylv1_snp" created.
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /snop
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/myvg1/mylv1_snp /snop/
mount: block device /dev/mapper/myvg1-mylv1_snp is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@node1 ~]# cd /snop/
[root@node1 snop]# ls
lost+found magedu
[root@node1 snop]# cd magedu/
[root@node1 magedu]# ls
[root@node1 magedu]# ls -a
. .. .bash_history .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc
[root@node1 /]# cd /users/
[root@node1 users]# ls
lost+found magedu
[root@node1 users]# cd magedu/
[root@node1 magedu]# ls
[root@node1 magedu]# ls -a
. .. .bash_history .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc
[root@node1 magedu]# rm -rf .bash_history
[root@node1 magedu]# cd /snop/
[root@node1 snop]# ls -a
. .. lost+found magedu
[root@node1 snop]# cd magedu/
[root@node1 magedu]# ls -a
. .. .bash_history .bash_logout .bash_profile .bashrc
原創文章，作者：N25_隨心，如若轉載，請注明出處：http://www.www58058.com/69452
作業完成的非常用心，非常值得其他同學學習，加油，再接再勵。