yum客戶端和服務器端都是本虛擬機
一、創建本地磁盤訪問的yum倉庫
條件和要求：
a.guest虛擬機需要添加2個光驅，分別裝載CentOS6.4發行版的DVD1和DVD2
b.DVD1和DVD2的掛載目錄分別是:/media/cdrom/下的os和extras，并設置開機掛載
c.使用CentOS-Media.repo作為yum客戶端配置文件，將其他repo文件刪掉或改名
d.分別安裝各DVD上的包: zsh包在DVD1上、zsh-html包在DVD2上
執行步驟：
1.掛載光盤
[root@www ~]# mkdir -p /media/cdrom/{os,extras}
[root@www ~]# ls /dev/cdrom*
/dev/cdrom /dev/cdrom1
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/fstab #添加下面兩行設置開機啟動
/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom/osiso9660defaults,ro0 0
/dev/cdrom1/media/cdrom/extrasiso9660 defaults,ro0 0
[root@www ~]# mount -a
[root@www ~]# mount
.....(略去)......
/dev/sr0 on /media/cdrom/os type iso9660 (ro)
/dev/sr1 on /media/cdrom/extras type iso9660 (ro)
#如果你的iso文件放在guest虛擬機的某個文件系統目錄中，則需要使用如下配置
#/XXXX.iso /XXXiso9660 defaults,loop,ro0 0
#由于DVD上已經包含yum倉庫的元數據，因此無需創建專門的yum倉庫
[root@www ~]# cd /media/cdrom/os/
[root@www os]# ls repodata/
08faa81a545bb1157be476ada0524206d137084f50d285b9f7f875b3b02839df-other.sqlite.bz2
2727fcb43fbe4c1a3588992af8c19e4d97167aee2f6088959221fc285cab6f72-c6-x86_64-comps.xml
6ce81da964e0028da004fd4deb817a89d4db450a3d0af4a826d7c6abad0168a9-other.xml.gz
cb96727ddc89e5e1786456c6f2c08a81418296f949470311ee9c2ebb1a6ccc7d-c6-x86_64-comps.xml.gz
d221c3d1c22cc4e4c4dafc40aa2bf3d353d67882a0d98f7f88ad8215f2d48818-filelists.sqlite.bz2
df5b1510036696c30d69d32d0609c5bfb6f121083ff97bf98a7540c644f6e4ac-primary.sqlite.bz2
f050fc8b41b566153c15bb1d287e6c5a016809415bfce9ddc3540176ce8afdaf-filelists.xml.gz
f6f4019e1d7ff186c247c58d394a5faaab51e9ca1fb9c174c94a204588536d14-primary.xml.gz
repomd.xml
TRANS.TBL
2.配置yum客戶端配置
[root@www os]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d [root@www yum.repos.d] ls CentOS-Media.repo [root@www yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS-Media.repo [root@www yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS-Media.repo [c6-media] name=CentOS-$releasever - Media - Local baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/os #可以在baseurl同時設置兩個DVD的掛載目錄 file:///media/cdrom/extras gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
3.通過本地yum測試軟件安裝
#先清緩存 [root@www os]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Cleaning repos: c6-media Cleaning up Everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors #刷新yum源 [root@www os]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Determining fastest mirrors * c6-media: file:///media/cdrom/extras/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] Could not open/read file:///media/cdrom/extras/repodata/repomd.xml Trying other mirror. c6-media-local | 4.0 kB 00:00 ... c6-media-local/primary_db | 4.4 MB 00:00 ... repo id repo name status c6-media-local CentOS-6 - Media - Local 6,381 repolist: 6,381 #出現了Errno，不用管它，因為DVD2是附加盤而沒有倉庫目錄repodata
4.測試安裝DVD1和DVD2上的包
[root@www ~]# yum install -y zsh .....(略去)...... [root@www ~]# yum install -y zsh-html .....(略去)......
OK，本地yum源創建成功
二、創建HTTP訪問的yum倉庫
條件和要求：
a.guest虛擬機需要添加2個光驅，分別裝載CentOS6.4發行版的DVD1和DVD2
b.DVD1和DVD2的掛載目錄分別是:/media/cdrom/下的os和extras
c.參考mirrors.aliyun.com的路徑做HTTP倉庫，www.tangsw.com為本虛擬機主機名。
包含DVD1內容的yum倉庫base-http路徑: http://www.tangsw.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/下，主要目錄為Packages和repodata
包含DVD2內容的yum倉庫extras-http路徑 : http://www.tangsw.com/centos/6/extras/x86_64下，主要目錄為Packages和repodata
通過軟連接實現將光盤包目錄Packages映射到http服務器的數據目錄Packages，讓客戶端能用yum下載rpm包來安裝
/media/cdrom/{os,extras}/Packages 映射到 /var/www/html/centos/6/{os,extras}/x86_64/Packages
d.使用CentOS-Media.repo作為yum的http客戶端配置文件
e.分別安裝各yum倉庫上的包: zsh包在base-http上、zsh-html包在extras-http上
執行步驟：
1.掛載光盤（按“一、創建yum本地倉庫”來做），安裝后面用到的工具:createrepo命令、httpd包
2.準備一些建立yum倉庫前的目錄和文件
#創建倉庫目錄
[root@www ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/centos/6/{os,extras}/x86_64/repodata
#創建包目錄
[root@www ~]# ln -s /media/cdrom/os/Packages/ /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages
[root@www ~]# ln -s /media/cdrom/extras/Packages/ /var/www/html/centos/6/extras/x86_64/Packages
#復制公鑰到包目錄的父目錄
[root@www ~]# cp /media/cdrom/os/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-* /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64
[root@www ~]# cp /media/cdrom/extras/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-* /var/www/html/centos/6/extras/x86_64
#復制分組信息到倉庫目錄（只有DVD1,也就是base-http才有包組信息）
[root@www ~]# cp /media/cdrom/os/repodata/*comps.xml /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/repodata
[root@www ~]# cd /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/repodata
[root@www repodata]# ls
2727fcb43fbe4c1a3588992af8c19e4d97167aee2f6088959221fc285cab6f72-c6-x86_64-comps.xml
[root@www repodata]# mv 2727fcb43fbe4c1a3588992af8c19e4d97167aee2f6088959221fc285cab6f72-c6-x86_64-comps.xml c6-x86_64-comps.xml
[root@www repodata]# ls
c6-x86_64-comps.xml #名字改短為了方便創建倉庫的語句寫短點
#目錄結構如下
[root@www repodata]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@www html]# tree -L 5
.
└── centos
└── 6
├── extras
│ └── x86_64
│ ├── Packages -> /media/cdrom/extras/Packages/
│ ├── repodata
│ ├── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
│ ├── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
│ ├── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
│ └── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
└── os
└── x86_64
├── Packages -> /media/cdrom/os/Packages/
├── repodata
├── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
├── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
├── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
└── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
3.創建倉庫
#使用剛才的本地倉庫安裝創建倉庫的createrepo命令 [root@www html]# yum install createrepo .....(略去)...... #生成yum倉庫base-http。元數據不放在Packages目錄內(因為該目錄為掛載iso內的目錄，不能生成yum倉庫源數據) [root@www html]# cd /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64 [root@www x86_64]# ls . repodata/ .: Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 repodata/: c6-x86_64-comps.xml [root@www x86_64]# createrepo -u "http://www.tangsw.com/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages" \ > -g /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/repodata/c6-x86_64-comps.xml \ > -o . Packages/ Spawning worker 0 with 3955 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete #創建yum倉庫的相關選項 #選項-u告訴倉庫的rpm包在哪個URL目錄，這里使用了http地址 #選項-g告訴倉庫有關包的分組信息 #選項-o告訴倉庫，在哪個本地目錄下創建repodata目錄以及其下的文件 Packages/為本地要創建倉庫的rpm目錄 [root@www x86_64]# ls repodata/ #成功創建了yum倉庫base-http，下面是倉庫元數據文件 2727fcb43fbe4c1a3588992af8c19e4d97167aee2f6088959221fc285cab6f72-c6-x86_64-comps.xml 5df078da5f9cc13498e5e2a9e6093ed52bd0c1ac2d32f4e392c0173eb3d2681c-primary.xml.gz 5f5db77f755ccd961249b556ffe979bd2b2f4ce91e6260c28a236f34396d7a43-filelists.xml.gz 643bc28fb483d4131a6b0ecbd17c769caae6c015062838c7dea629e47633892c-primary.sqlite.bz2 6edabfeb2957fc20cacf8d38c61a7f9d14593bd87d7c66300485d1f66d56f36f-other.xml.gz b38a04081eabb1b28bf2d615cfbce1f7244e07a3cdc92208c4bcbfa0723ce331-other.sqlite.bz2 cb96727ddc89e5e1786456c6f2c08a81418296f949470311ee9c2ebb1a6ccc7d-c6-x86_64-comps.xml.gz e2d9ea7a6ce208f11898da8212427ff0eef709aa4a8a6ac779c6180b8bea1d0b-filelists.sqlite.bz2 repomd.xml #生成yum倉庫extra-http。 [root@www x86_64]# pwd /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64 [root@www x86_64]# cd ../../extras/x86_64/ [root@www x86_64]# ls . repodata/ .: Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 repodata/: [root@www x86_64]# createrepo -u "http://www.tangsw.com/centos/6/extras/x86_64/Packages" \ > -o . Packages/ Spawning worker 0 with 2426 pkgs Workers Finished Gathering worker results Saving Primary metadata Saving file lists metadata Saving other metadata Generating sqlite DBs Sqlite DBs complete [root@www x86_64]# ls repodata/ #成功創建了yum倉庫extras-http，下面是倉庫元數據文件 079695d74c53deee74e35928ee519cc36273934cd7b643ca2b5a2acc23a6f2aa-filelists.xml.gz 0f1f74b6731c95310593b90ab3145921f5b8de579a4bd46aed44d2b4b349575e-other.sqlite.bz2 22c88c0f4fef145d4efb14afe42703371102eebbddef15f89771352687efe74a-primary.xml.gz 598452fa46a28589e2215b43403ba1f0f177636bec652419b3a5b3bb308a86e8-filelists.sqlite.bz2 62b62111b2d9beda6486f5a40c53c860e676a84a3b7ca396b5939dd25d1441fc-other.xml.gz 6eff722739c77958a605f7e65c663a92a124a25c01b671661cda89d82ad25bd4-primary.sqlite.bz2 repomd.xml
4.安裝httpd并啟動www服務
#先安裝httpd [root@www ~]# yum install -y httpd .....(略去)...... #啟動httpd服務 [root@www ~]# service httpd restart Stopping httpd: [FAILED] Starting httpd: [ OK ] #查看服務監聽進程是否正常 [root@www ~]# netstat -tnlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1471/rpcbind tcp 0 0 192.168.8.11:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2805/httpd tcp 0 0 192.168.56.11:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2805/httpd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2805/httpd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1684/sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1557/cupsd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1764/master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:45305 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1504/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 :::44683 :::* LISTEN 1504/rpc.statd tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1471/rpcbind tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1684/sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1557/cupsd tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1764/master #當前服務進程正常 a.如果看到連接會話只啟用IPv6的端口，而沒有啟用IPv4的端口，那應該是配置文件問題 用rpm -qc httpd找到httpd的配置文件httpd.conf(本人的為/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf) 修改Listen 80為Listen www.tangsw.com:80 注意這里使用了本地主機名，必須在將本地IP映射到該主機名中(本地無DNS服務)，手動映射方法為： 在/etc/sysconfig/network修改主機名 在/etc/hosts增加主機名到本地IP的映射 b.如果監聽進程正常啟動，則看日志分析故障 rpm -ql httpd | grep log 如果發現是安全性問題 簡單方法是用setup命令,開啟httpd的防火墻端口 修改/etc/selinux/config，關閉selinux，然后重啟linux #設置開機啟動 [root@www ~]# chkconfig httpd on #確保用瀏覽器訪問如下路徑沒問題 http://www.tangsw.com/centos
5.配置yum客戶端
[root@www ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo [root@www ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo [c6-media] name=CentOS-$releasever - Media - Local baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/os file:///media/cdrom/extras gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 enabled=0 [base-http] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - Http baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 enabled=1 [extras-http] name=CentOS-$releasever - extras - Http baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 enabled=1 #注意為了測試HTTP的yum源，這里將本地yum源禁用 #$releasever變量值為6，$basearch變量值為x86_64，本機用的是64位CentOS
6.測試客戶端配置是否正確
#清理緩存 [root@www ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Cleaning repos: base-http extras-http Cleaning up Everything Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors #查看yum源信息 [root@www ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Determining fastest mirrors base-http | 3.7 kB 00:00 base-http/primary_db | 4.6 MB 00:06 extras-http | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras-http/primary_db | 27 kB 00:00 repo id repo name status base-http CentOS-6 - Base - Http 6,575 extras-http CentOS-6 - extras - Http 35 repolist: 6,610 #可以看到只有兩個http的yum源，分別有3,955和2,426個包，分別對應DVD1和DVD2 #查看包的分組信息是否正確 [root@www ~]# yum grouplist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile base-http/group_gz | 219 kB 00:00 Installed Groups: Additional Development Base Debugging Tools Desktop Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools .........(略去).......
7.測試在客戶端安裝軟件包zsh和zsh-html
[root@www yum.repos.d]# yum -y install zsh Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package zsh.x86_64 0:4.3.11-4.el6.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================== Installing: zsh x86_64 4.3.11-4.el6.centos base-http 2.2 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 2.2 M Installed size: 5.0 M Downloading Packages: zsh-4.3.11-4.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.2 MB 00:03 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : zsh-4.3.11-4.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : zsh-4.3.11-4.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Installed: zsh.x86_64 0:4.3.11-4.el6.centos Complete! [root@www yum.repos.d]# yum -y install zsh-html Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package zsh-html.x86_64 0:4.3.11-4.el6.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================== Installing: zsh-html x86_64 4.3.11-4.el6.centos base-http 478 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 478 k Installed size: 3.0 M Downloading Packages: zsh-html-4.3.11-4.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 478 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : zsh-html-4.3.11-4.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : zsh-html-4.3.11-4.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Installed: zsh-html.x86_64 0:4.3.11-4.el6.centos Complete!
大功告成!
原創文章，作者：王重陽，如若轉載，請注明出處：http://www.www58058.com/8214
