磁盤及文件系統管理應用實例
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1.創建一個10G的分區，并格式化為ext4文件系統
- 要求其block大小為2048，預留空間百分比為2，卷標為MYDATA，默認掛載屬性包含acl
- 掛載至/data/mydata目錄，要求掛載時禁止程序自動運行，且不更新文件的訪問時間戳
[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +10G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
[root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -L MYDATA /dev/sdb1
[root@master ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1
[root@master ~]# mount -o noexec,noatime /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata
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2.創建一個大小為1G的swap分區，并創建好文件系統，并啟用之，寫一個腳本
- 獲取并列出當前系統上的所有磁盤設備
- 顯示每個磁盤設備上每個分區的相關的空間使用信息
[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2
First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568):
Using default value 20973568
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +1G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
[root@master ~]# mkswap -L SWAP /dev/sdb2
[root@master ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2
#!/bin/bash
#
disks=`fdisk -l|grep -o '^Disk /dev/[sh]d[a-z]'|cut -d' ' -f2`
echo $disks
for i in $disks;do
fdisk -l $i
done
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3.總結RAID的各個級別及其組合方式和性能的不同
RAID（冗余磁盤陣列）是將多塊磁盤當做一塊物理磁盤來使用，以達到容錯或者提高讀寫性能的優勢。按照 組織起來的工作方式的不同，我們可以將RAID分為不同的級別，其中常見的有RAID0、RAID1、RAID5、RAID10-
RAID0
- 俗稱條帶卷，實現將文件分成多個chunk后同時并行存儲到多個盤中。
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特性
讀寫性能得到提升 無冗余能力 最少磁盤數為2 可用空間為容量最小的磁盤*磁盤數
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RAID1
- 俗稱鏡像卷，在存儲數據的同時需要再復制一份存入另一個磁盤中。
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特性
讀性能提升，寫性能下降 有冗余能力 最少磁盤數為2，偶數 可用空間小于1/2
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RAID5
- 將文件分成多個chunk，兩兩chunk之間作異或運算，各盤輪流存儲校驗碼
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特點
讀寫性能提升 有冗余能力 最少磁盤數為3 可用空間為容量最小的磁盤*（磁盤數-1）
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RAID10
- 先兩兩做raid1，后將多組raid1組織成raid0
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特點
讀寫性能提升 有冗余能力 最小磁盤數4 可用空間為容量最小的磁盤*磁盤數/2
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RAID0
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4.創建一個大小為10G的RAID1，要求有一個空閑盤，而且chunk大小為128k
[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): +10G Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2 First sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568): +10G Value out of range. First sector (20973568-104857599, default 20973568): Using default value 20973568 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-104857599, default 104857599): +10G Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3 First sector (41945088-104857599, default 41945088): Using default value 41945088 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41945088-104857599, default 104857599): +10G Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3): 1 Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect' Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3): 2 Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect' Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3 Hex code (type L to list all codes): fd Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux raid autodetect' Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! [root@master ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -n 2 -c 128 -x 1 -l 1 -a yes /dev/sdb{1,2,3} mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md0 started. -
5.創建一個大小為4G的RAID5設備，chunk大小為256k，格式化ext4文件系統，要求可開機自動掛載至/backup目錄，且不更新訪問時間戳，且支持acl功能
“`[root@master ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m for help): n All primary partitions are in use Adding logical partition 5 First sector (62918656-104857599, default 62918656): Using default value 62918656 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (62918656-104857599, default 104857599): +2G Partition 5 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set Command (m for help): n All primary partitions are in use Adding logical partition 6 First sector (67115008-104857599, default 67115008): Using default value 67115008 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (67115008-104857599, default 104857599): +2G Partition 6 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set Command (m for help): n All primary partitions are in use Adding logical partition 7 First sector (71311360-104857599, default 71311360): Using default value 71311360 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (71311360-104857599, default 104857599): +2G Partition 7 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! [root@master ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -n 3 -c 256 -l 5 -a yes /dev/sdb{5,6,7} mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata mdadm: array /dev/md1 started. [root@master ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1 [root@master ~]# mkdir /backup [root@master ~]# mount -o auto /dev/md1 /backup
原創文章，作者：N27_xiaoni，如若轉載，請注明出處：http://www.www58058.com/84386
磁盤的管理直接關乎到數據的安全性，所以務必掌握扎實。再接再勵 。