n28 第二周作業

1.文件管理類型命令
ls：查看目錄下文件和目錄
cat less more tac tail：查看文本文件內容
cd：切換目錄路徑
cp：復制命令
mv：改名或類似剪切
rm：刪除文件或目錄
mkdir：創建文件夾文件
touch：創建文件
2.命令執行后狀態返回值
可以用$? 命令查看。其中0表示成功執行，非0表示執行失敗。
3.(1)創建/tmp下 a_c a_d b_c b_d
touch /tmp/{a,b}_{c,c}
(2) 創建/tmp/mylinux
[root@localhost zcj]# mkdir -pv /tmp/mylinux/{bin,boot/grub,dev,etc/{rc.d/init.d,sysconfig/network-scriipts},lib/modles,\lib64,proc,sbin,sys,tmp,usr/local/{bin,sbin},var/{lock,log,run}}
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/bin’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/boot’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/boot/grub’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/dev’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/etc’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/etc/rc.d’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/etc/rc.d/init.d’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/etc/sysconfig’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/etc/sysconfig/network-scriipts’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/lib’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/lib/modles’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/lib64′
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/proc’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/sbin’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/sys’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/tmp’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/usr’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/usr/local’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/usr/local/bin’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/usr/local/sbin’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/var’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/var/lock’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/var/log’
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/mylinux/var/run’
[root@localhost zcj]#
4.文件元數據信息，和修改其時間戳
命令 stat 文件名/目錄名
[root@localhost zcj]# stat /srun3/db_setup
File: `/srun3/db_setup’
Size: 794 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: fd00h/64768d Inode: 920018 Links: 1
Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2017-11-26 02:53:45.061174670 +0800
Modify: 2017-06-02 14:43:36.000000000 +0800
Change: 2017-11-26 02:53:46.225849681 +0800
[root@localhost zcj]#
file 文件名稱
size 文件大小 單位K
blocks 所占塊的個數
IO blocks 單塊的大小
device 設備標識
inode 節點id
links 硬鏈接數
access 權限
uid 屬主信息
gid 屬組信息
access 最后一次訪問時間
modify 最后一次修改時間
change 最后一次更正時間

可以使用touch修改相應的時間戳
touch -a -t [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss]
touch -m -t [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.ss]
如：
[root@localhost zcj]# touch -a -t 1712071207 /srun3/db_setup
[root@localhost zcj]# stat /srun3/db_setup
File: `/srun3/db_setup’
Size: 794 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: fd00h/64768d Inode: 920018 Links: 1
Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2017-12-07 12:07:00.000000000 +0800
Modify: 2017-06-02 14:43:36.000000000 +0800
Change: 2017-12-06 19:12:21.001967394 +0800
[root@localhost zcj]#

5.定義命令別名
查看別名：alias
定義別名：[root@localhost zcj]# alias cls=clear

6./var下以l開頭 中間至少一個數字。一小寫字母結尾的文件或者目錄

ls /var |grep “\<l.*[[:digit:]]\+.*[[:lower:]]\>”

7./etc下 數字開頭，非數字結尾
ls /etc |grep “\<[[:digit:]].*[^[:digit:]]\>”

8./etc下 非字母開頭后面跟一個字母以及任意長度任意字符
ls /etc |grep “\<[^[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]].*”

9 以tfile開頭+時間錯的文件夾
[root@localhost var]# mkdir -v /tmp/tfile-$(date “+%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S”)
mkdir: created directory `/tmp/tfile-2017-12-07-01-21-33′

10 復制/etc/下p開頭非數字結尾的文件或文件夾到/tmp/mytest1

cp -rf /etc/p*[^[:digit:]] /tmp/mytest1

11 復制/etc/下.d結尾的文件或文件夾到/tmp/mytest2
cp -rf /etc/*.d /tmp/mytest2

12 復制/etc/下l或m或n開頭，以conf結尾的文件或文件夾到/tmp/mytest3
cp -rf /etc/[l,m,n]*.conf /tmp/mytest3