https實現

實現https 搭建CA 頒發證書

 

加密模塊默認沒有安裝，需要安裝加密模塊

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -M | grep ssl

Syntax OK

 

安裝模塊

[root@localhost ~]# yum install mod_ssl

 

安裝后查看模塊

[root@localhost ~]# httpd -M | grep ssl

ssl_module (shared)

 

加載支持加密的模塊的配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql mod_ssl

/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf

 

[root@localhost ~]# grep mod_ssl /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf

# directives see <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_ssl.html>

LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so 從配置文件中加載了支持加密的模塊

 

重啟服務

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart

 

SSL加密只支持一個網站，不支持多虛擬主機，刪除創建的虛擬主機

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf

 

修改主配置文件，使用安裝好httpd時使用的站點目錄

DocumentRoot “/var/www/html”

 

復制創建一個用于被訪問的文件

[root@localhost ~]# cp /var/log/messages /var/www/html/m.html

 

添加apache的權限

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +r /var/www/html/m.html

 

重啟服務

[root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart

 

訪問

 

 

查看證書 [ 自簽名的證書 ]

?

 

配置文件中定義了加載證書文件的路徑

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql mod_ssl

/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf 配置文件

?

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf

SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key 私鑰文件路徑

SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt 證書文件路徑

#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl/cacert.pem 根證書文件路徑（已經修改過）

 

查看證書文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt

—–BEGIN CERTIFICATE—–

 

[root@localhost ~]# openssl x509 -in /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt -noout -text

Certificate:

Data:

Version: 3 (0x2)

Serial Number: 2088 (0x828)

Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption

Issuer: C=–, ST=SomeState, L=SomeCity, O=SomeOrganization, OU=SomeOrganizationalUnit, CN=localhost/emailAddress=root@localhost 發布者

Validity

Not Before: Jan 27 08:44:14 2018 GMT

Not After : Jan 27 08:44:14 2019 GMT

Subject: C=–, ST=SomeState, L=SomeCity, O=SomeOrganization, OU=SomeOrganizationalUnit, CN=localhost/emailAddress=root@localhost 頒發給誰

Subject Public Key Info:

 

 

/etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt文件是在安裝mod_ssl 時，通過安裝腳本生成的，不屬于任何包

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt

package /etc/pki/tls/certs/localhost.crt is not installed

 

 

搭建CA

CA 192.168.119.159

 

CA服務器

[root@localhost ~]# hostname ca

[root@localhost ~]# exec bash

[root@ca ~]#

 

Web服務器

[root@localhost ~]# hostname websrv

[root@localhost ~]# exec bash

[root@websrv ~]#

 

搭建CA

[root@ca ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# tree

.

├── certs

├── crl

├── newcerts

└── private

 

4 directories, 0 files

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]#

 

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# touch index.txt

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# echo 01 > serial

 

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)

 

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# tree

.

├── certs

├── crl

├── index.txt

├── newcerts

├── private

│?? └── cakey.pem

└── serial

 

4 directories, 3 files

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]#

 

 

自簽名證書

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650

Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN

State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing

Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing

Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:magedu.com

Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:opt

Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:ca.magedu.com

Email Address []:

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]#

 

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# tree

.

├── cacert.pem

├── certs

├── crl

├── index.txt

├── newcerts

├── private

│?? └── cakey.pem

└── serial

 

4 directories, 4 files

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]#

 

 

Web服務器申請證書

[root@websrv ~]# mkdir /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl

[root@websrv ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl

創建證書申請文件

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]# (umask 077; openssl genrsa -out httpd.key)

Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus

…………++++++

…………………++++++

e is 65537 (0x10001)

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]#

 

生成證書申請

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]# openssl req -new -key httpd.key -out httpd.csr

You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated

into your certificate request.

What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.

There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank

For some fields there will be a default value,

If you enter ‘.’, the field will be left blank.

—–

Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN

State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing

Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:bj

Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:magedu.com

Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:opt

Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []:*.magedu.com

Email Address []:

 

Please enter the following ‘extra’ attributes

to be sent with your certificate request

A challenge password []:

An optional company name []:

 

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]# ll

total 8

-rw-r–r– 1 root root 647 Jan 27 17:19 httpd.csr 證書申請文件

-rw——- 1 root root 891 Jan 27 17:16 httpd.key

 

 

把證書申請傳到CA進行簽名

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]# scp httpd.csr 192.168.119.159:/etc/pki/CA

 

CA服務器查看并簽名證書申請

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# ls

cacert.pem ?certs ?crl ?httpd.csr??index.txt ?newcerts ?private ?serial

 

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# openssl ca -in httpd.csr -out certs/httpd.crt?-days 712

Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

Check that the request matches the signature

Signature ok

Certificate Details:

Serial Number: 1 (0x1)

Validity

Not Before: Jan 27 09:22:18 2018 GMT

Not After : Jan ?9 09:22:18 2020 GMT

Subject:

countryName ??????????????= CN

stateOrProvinceName ??????= beijing

organizationName ?????????= magedu.com

organizationalUnitName ???= opt

commonName ???????????????= *.magedu.com

X509v3 extensions:

X509v3 Basic Constraints:

CA:FALSE

Netscape Comment:

OpenSSL Generated Certificate

X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:

69:1C:DF:9F:18:D9:2F:98:1D:EF:71:D0:6D:DB:A3:35:CE:A3:1F:41

X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:

keyid:1E:A3:A2:DF:3E:17:6A:4E:F1:37:F5:4E:AA:E4:61:A8:D4:B5:4A:31

 

Certificate is to be certified until Jan ?9 09:22:18 2020 GMT (712 days)

Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

 

 

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y

Write out database with 1 new entries

Data Base Updated

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]#

 

 

生成的證書文件

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# tree

.

├── cacert.pem

├── certs

│?? └── httpd.crt

├── crl

├── httpd.csr

├── index.txt

├── index.txt.attr

├── index.txt.old

├── newcerts

│?? └── 01.pem

├── private

│?? └── cakey.pem

├── serial

└── serial.old

 

4 directories, 10 files

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]#

 

 

httpd.crt 和 01.pem是同一個文件

 

把簽過名的證書文件發送和申請的服務器

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# scp certs/httpd.crt 192.168.119.129:/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl/

 

查看文件

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]# ll

total 12

-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3721 Jan 27 17:24 httpd.crt

-rw-r–r– 1 root root ?647 Jan 27 17:19 httpd.csr 請求文件

-rw——- 1 root root ?891 Jan 27 17:16 httpd.key

 

修改配置文件

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d]# vim ssl.conf

ServerName www.magedu.com:443

SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl/httpd.crt

SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl/httpd.key

 

重新啟動服務

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d]# service httpd restart

 

 

把上級CA的證書傳輸給下級CA，否則會導致證書不被信任

[root@ca /etc/pki/CA]# scp cacert.pem 192.168.119.129:/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl/

 

 

 

查看

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]# ls

cacert.pem??httpd.crt ?httpd.csr ?httpd.key

 

修改配置文件

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf

SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl/cacert.pem CA的證書文件

?

重啟服務

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]# service httpd restart

 

 

訪問測試

 

 

根CA不受信任，需要把CA的證書導入到計算機的受信任的CA證書列表中

 

[root@websrv /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl]# ll

total 16

-rw-r–r– 1 root root 1334 Jan 27 17:33 cacert.pem

 

cacert.pem CA服務器的證書文件，需要導入到計算機的列表中

?

?

導出的文件后綴不對無法打開，所以需要修改文件的后綴

 

 

 

 

安裝證書

 

 

因為簽名的證書是www.magedu.com，所以需要使用FQDN訪問，修改本地的/hosts文件，訪問測試

 

C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

192.168.119.129 www.magedu.com