一、RPM包管理介紹
RPM是radhat系列和suse系列等的包管理系統，主要管理系統上軟件包的安裝、卸載和查詢
rpm安裝語法：rpm [install options] [programname…]
常用安裝option:-i,表示安裝程序包
-v,表示輸出詳細安裝過程
-h,安裝過程輸出進度條
-U,升級程序包
-c,查看程序包的配置文件路勁
--force,忽略程序包的沖突關系
--nodeps,忽略程序包的依賴關系強制安裝
-e,卸載程序包常用安裝升級組合：
1、安裝程序包
rpm -ivh [程序包路勁] 用來安裝程序包并顯示安裝信息進度2、升級程序包
rpm -Uvh [程序包路勁] 用來升級程序包并顯示安裝信息進度3、rpm -e [程序包名稱] 用來卸載程序包
rpm查詢語法: rpm [query ostions] [程序包名|程序文件]
常用查詢option:-q,表示查詢信息，執行查詢必帶的參數
-a,查詢所有已安裝的程序包
-f，查詢程序包產生的文件
-l，查詢指包名的程序文件
-d，查詢程序包的安裝文檔
-i，查詢程序包的相關信息
-R,查詢程序包的依賴關系常用組合示例：
1、查詢指定程序包的相關信息
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# rpm -qi httpd
Name : httpd
Version : 2.4.6
Release : 67.el7.centos.6
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Wed 28 Mar 2018 11:37:25 AM CST
Group : System Environment/Daemons
Size : 9827789
License : ASL 2.0
Signature : RSA/SHA256, Fri 20 Oct 2017 08:31:20 PM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM : httpd-2.4.6-67.el7.centos.6.src.rpm
Build Date : Fri 20 Oct 2017 04:41:19 AM CST
Build Host : c1bm.rdu2.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor : CentOS
URL : http://httpd.apache.org/
Summary : Apache HTTP Server
Description :
The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible
web server.2、查詢程序包產生的文件
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# rpm -ql httpd
/etc/httpd
/etc/httpd/conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d
/etc/httpd/conf.d/README
......3、查詢程序包的依賴關系
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# rpm -qR mariadb
/bin/sh
/usr/bin/perl
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives
/usr/sbin/update-alternatives
bash
config(mariadb) = 1:5.5.56-2.el7
fileutils
.....4、查詢指定文件由哪個程序產生
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# rpm -qf /etc/hostname
systemd-219-42.el7.x86_64
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# 二、CentOS系統yum詳解
yum是基于rpm的包管理系統，可以自動為程序包解決依賴關系，簡化對軟件包的安裝、升級、查詢和卸載
語法格式 yum [options] [program name] [subcommand] [程序包]
常用option:
-y,對所有回答為yes
-q,靜默模式常用子命令
install,安裝程序包
remove,卸載chengxubao
update,升級程序包
list,查看程序包列表
seach,搜索程序包
info,查看軟件包信息
check-update,查看可以升級的程序包
clean,清除yum repo緩存
groupinstall,安裝程序包組
grouplist,查看程序包組列表
localinstall,安裝本地程序包
deplist,顯示軟件包的依賴關系常用示例：
1、安裝指定軟件包
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# yum install ntp -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.2 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: ntpdate = 4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.2 for package: ntp-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.2.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libopts.so.25()(64bit) for package: ntp-4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.2.x86_64
.....2、查看指定軟件包的信息
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# yum info ntp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Packages
Name : ntp
Arch : x86_64
Version : 4.2.6p5
Release : 25.el7.centos.2
Size : 547 k
Repo : base/7/x86_64
Summary : The NTP daemon and utilities
URL : http://www.ntp.org
License : (MIT and BSD and BSD with advertising) and GPLv2
Description : The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is used to synchronize a computer's
: time with another reference time source. This package includes ntpd
: (a daemon which continuously adjusts system time) and utilities used
: to query and configure the ntpd daemon.
:
: Perl scripts ntp-wait and ntptrace are in the ntp-perl package,
: ntpdate is in the ntpdate package and sntp is in the sntp package.
: The documentation is in the ntp-doc package.3、安裝指定包組
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
..... 4、卸載指定程序包
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# yum remove ntp -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-25.el7.centos.2 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
......5、升級指定程序包
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# yum update systemd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
......yum源配置
配置yum配置文件
[base] //yum源倉庫名
name= //yum源名字信息
baseurl= //yum源路徑
enable= //是否啟用源
gpgcheck= //是否啟用key檢查
gpgkey= //key路徑三、文本處理三劍客之sed?；A用法
sed是一個流式的文本處理工具
語法：sed [OPTION]… {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]…
常用option:
-n,靜默模式，不輸出內容至屏幕，經過sed特殊處理的那一行才會顯示出來
-e script,根據script進行編輯
-r,使用擴展正則表達式匹配
-f,后跟script命令文件進行編輯
-i,直接編輯原文件常用script命令：
a,新增一行內容
c，替換匹配到的字符串為指定字符串
d，刪除匹配到的字符串
s，查找替換
i，在當前行前前插入一行內容示例1:顯示/etc/fstab的第5到第10行
[root@suyiwen01 ~]# sed -n "5,10p" /etc/fstab
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=add4bda5-b5b9-44c4-91ad-d0f55e313ae8 /boot xfs defaults 0 0示例2：刪除/boot/grub/grub2.cfg文件中所有以空白字符開頭的行的行首的所有空白字符
[root@localhost ~]# sed -e "s@^#[[:space:]]*@@" /etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
Created by anaconda on Mon Mar 26 17:26:06 2018
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=83a1568a-0c24-4e08-bf70-f15cc8489bde /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-home /home xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0示例3：將/etc/inittab中的#號,替換為//
[root@localhost ~]# sed "s@#@//@" /etc/inittab
// inittab is no longer used when using systemd.
//
// ADDING CONFIGURATION HERE WILL HAVE NO EFFECT ON YOUR SYSTEM.
//
// Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-del.target
//
// systemd uses 'targets' instead of runlevels. By default, there are two main targets:
//
// multi-user.target: analogous to runlevel 3
// graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5
//
// To view current default target, run:
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筆記寫的不錯。