sed命令

sed命令

sed是一種流編輯器，用于對文本逐行讀取逐行處理，處理時，把當前處理的行存儲在臨時緩沖區中，稱為“模式空間”（patternspace），接著用sed命令處理緩沖區中的內容，處理完成后，把處理后結果輸出到標準輸出。接著處理下一行，這樣不斷重復，直到文件末尾。

命令語法

sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...
    script:
        地址定界編輯命令
    常用選項：
        -n 不輸出模式空間中內容至屏幕   
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '1,3p' fstab 
            # /etc/fstab`
            # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
            #

        -e script, --expression=script 多點編輯
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n -e '1,3p' -e '5,6p' fstab 
            # /etc/fstab
            # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
            #
            # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
            #

        -f /PATH/TO/SED_SCRIPT_FILE
            把sed要執行的命令寫到文件中，通過-f選項把文件中的命令傳給sed
        -r, --regexp-extended 支持使用擴展正則表達式
        -i 直接編輯源文件

    地址定界
        1，空地址：對全文進行處理        
        2，單地址
            #：對指定行進行操作
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '2p' fstab 
                # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
            /pattern/:被模式匹配到的每一行
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '/UUID/p' fstab 
                UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
        3，地址范圍
            #，# ：起始行到結束行
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '3,5p' fstab 
                #
                # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
                # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info                

            #，+n 起始行#往后加n行
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '3,+5p' fstab 
                #
                # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
                # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
                #
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
                UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2

            #，/pattern/ 從起始行#開始到pattern匹配到的行
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '1,/UUID/p' fstab 
                # /etc/fstab
                # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
                #
                # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
                # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
                #
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
                UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2

            /pattern1/，/pattern2/ 從pattern1匹配到的行到pattern2匹配到的行
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '/anaconda/,/UUID/p' fstab 
                # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
                #
                # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
                # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
                #
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
                UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2    


        4，步進：~
            1~2 所有奇數行
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '1~2p' fstab 
                # /etc/fstab
                #
                # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
                devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
                proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
                /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    defaults    0 0 
            2~2 所有偶數行
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '2~2p' fstab 
                # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
                # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
                #
                UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
                tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
                sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
                #10.240.253.21:/hpetl    /hpetl            nfs    defaults    0 0    

    編輯命令：
        d 刪除
            sed '1,5d' /tmp/fstab
            sed '/^UUID/d' /etc/fstab 
            sed '1~2d' /etc/fstab 刪除奇數行，顯示偶數行        

        p 打印
            sed '1~2p' /etc/fstab 奇數行顯示兩遍
            sed -n '1~2p' /etc/fstab 

        a\text 在匹配到的行的下方追加文本‘text’ ,支持使用\n多行插入.        
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed  '/UUID/a\this is a new line.\nthis is another line.' fstab 
            # /etc/fstab
            # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
            #
            # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
            # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
            #
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
            UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
            this is a new line.
            this is another line.
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
            tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
            devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
            sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
            proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
            #10.240.253.21:/hpetl    /hpetl            nfs    defaults    0 0
            /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    defaults    0 0 

        i\text 在行的上方追加文本‘text’支持使用\n多行插入
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed  '/UUID/i\this is a new line.\nthis is another line.' fstab 
            # /etc/fstab
            # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
            #
            # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
            # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
            #
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
            this is a new line.
            this is another line.
            UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
            tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
            devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
            sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
            proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
            #10.240.253.21:/hpetl    /hpetl            nfs    defaults    0 0
            /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    defaults    0 0 

        c\text 把匹配到的行整行替換為text    
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed  '2c\this is a new line.' fstab 
            # /etc/fstab
            this is a new line.
            #
            # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
            # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
            #
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
            UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
            tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
            devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
            sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
            proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
            #10.240.253.21:/hpetl    /hpetl            nfs    defaults    0 0
            /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    defaults    0 0 

        w/path/to/somefile 把匹配到的行寫入到指定文件中
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed  '/^[^#]/w/tmp/newfstab' fstab
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# cat newfstab 
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
            UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
            tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
            devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
            sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
            proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
            /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    defaults    0 0 

        r/path/from/somefile 讀取指定文件中內容至當前文件被模式匹配到的下一行        
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# cat newfstab 
            this is a new line 
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed '/proc/r/tmp/newfstab' fstab 
            # /etc/fstab
            # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
            #
            # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
            # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
            #
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
            UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
            tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
            devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
            sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
            proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
            this is a new line 
            #10.240.253.21:/hpetl    /hpetl            nfs    defaults    0 0
            /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    defaults    0 0

        = 為模式匹配到的行打印行號
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed '/^\//=' fstab #為斜線開頭的行打印行號
            # /etc/fstab
            # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
            #
            # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
            # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
            #
            7
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
            UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
            9
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
            tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
            devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
            sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
            proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
            #10.240.253.21:/hpetl    /hpetl            nfs    defaults    0 0
            15
            /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    defaults    0 0 

        ！條件取反
            [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -n '/^#/!p' fstab #打印非#開頭的行
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
            UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
            /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
            tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
            devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
            sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
            proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
            /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    defaults    0 0 
            You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root

        s/// 查找替換 其分隔符可自行指定 如：s@@@, s###
            g 全局替換
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed 's/defaults/DEFAULTS/g' fstab 
                # /etc/fstab
                # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
                #
                # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
                # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
                #
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    DEFAULTS        1 1
                UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    DEFAULTS        1 2
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    DEFAULTS        0 0
                tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   DEFAULTS        0 0
                devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
                sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   DEFAULTS        0 0
                proc                    /proc                   proc    DEFAULTS        0 0
                #10.240.253.21:/hpetl    /hpetl            nfs    DEFAULTS    0 0
                /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    DEFAULTS    0 0 

            w/path/to/somefile 將替換成功的結果保存至指定文件                
                sed 's/defaults/DEFAULTS/gw/tmp/defaults' fstab #替換defaults為DEFAULTS    并保存至/tmp/defaults文件中
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# cat defaults 
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    DEFAULTS        1 1
                UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    DEFAULTS        1 2
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    DEFAULTS        0 0
                tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   DEFAULTS        0 0
                sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   DEFAULTS        0 0
                proc                    /proc                   proc    DEFAULTS        0 0
                #10.240.253.21:/hpetl    /hpetl            nfs    DEFAULTS    0 0
                /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    DEFAULTS    0 0 

                [root@xulinhai tmp]# sed -i 's/defaults/DEFAULTS/g' fstab  #直接替換源文件中的defaults為DEFAULTS    
                [root@xulinhai tmp]# cat fstab 
                # /etc/fstab
                # Created by anaconda on Wed Mar 22 23:57:53 2017
                #
                # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
                # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
                #
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root /                       ext4    DEFAULTS        1 1
                UUID=b13a9a42-536e-4e57-aed0-24af0c7d450e /boot                   ext4    DEFAULTS        1 2
                /dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_swap swap                    swap    DEFAULTS        0 0
                tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   DEFAULTS        0 0
                devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
                sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   DEFAULTS        0 0
                proc                    /proc                   proc    DEFAULTS        0 0
                #10.240.253.21:/hpetl    /hpetl            nfs    DEFAULTS    0 0
                /dev/vg_app/lv_template    /template        ext4    DEFAULTS    0 0 

            p 顯示替換成功的行


    高級編輯命令
        h 把模式空間中的內容覆蓋至保持空間中
        H 把模式空間中的內容追加至保持空間中
        g 把保持空間中的內容覆蓋至模式空間中
        G 把保持空間中的內容追加至模式空間中
        x 把模式空間中的內容與保持空間中的內容互換
        n 覆蓋讀取匹配到的行的下一行至模式空間中
        N 追加讀取匹配到的行的下一行至模式空間中
        d 刪除模式空間中的行
        D 刪除多行模式空間中的所有行