1、求每班總成績和平均成績
[root@Centos7 bin]# awk '!/^name/{a[$2]++;b[$2]+=$3}END{for(i in a){print i,b[i],b[i]/a[i]}}' f1 4 100 50 5 40 40 6 50 50 1 430 71.6667 2 210 70 3 450 56.25
[root@Centos7 bin]# cat f1 name class score A 1 100 B 2 90 C 3 80 D 1 70 C 3 80 D 1 70 C 3 80 D 1 70 E 2 60 F 3 50 G 1 40 H 4 30 I 5 40 I 3 40 I 3 40 I 3 40 J 6 50 I 3 40 K 2 60 L 4 70 M 1 80
2、為編譯安裝的httpd服務,實現service unit文件
(1)安裝編譯環境:
① yum install -y pcre
② yum install -y pcre-devel
③ yum groupinstall -y "Development tools"
(2)下載源碼包:
① apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2
② apr-util-1.5.2.tar.bz2
③ httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2
(3)安裝依賴的源碼包,先安裝apr,在安裝apr-util,因為apr-util是apr的工具,apr-util會依賴apr的存在,(如apr未安裝,則會提示用此參數指定apr的安裝地址 – – with-apr=/usr/local/apr)
①安裝apr
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
②.安裝apr-util
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apr-util –with-apr=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
③.安裝httpd
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/httpd –sysconfdir=/etc/httpd –enable-so –enable–ssl –enable-cgi –enable-rewrite –with-zlib –with-pcre –with-apr=/usr/local/apr –with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util –enable-modeles=most –enable-mpms-shared=all –with-mpm=event
make && make install
(4)完成http安裝后的操作
①添加二進制程序文件地址到/etc/profile.d/httpd.sh文件中
[root@Centos7 local]# vim /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/httpd/bin //添加此行
②添加man文檔路徑到man配置文件中:
[root@Centos7 local]# vim /etc/man_db.conf MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/httpd/man //添加此行
③添加httpd頭文件的軟鏈接到/usr/include目錄下
[root@Centos7 local]# ln -sv /usr/local/httpd/include/ /usr/include/httpd
(5)編輯httpd.service unit文件
[root@Centos7 ~]# vim /etc/systemd/system/httpd.service [Unit] Description=The Apache HTTP Server After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target Documentation=man:httpd(8) Documentation=man:apachectl(8) [Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/httpd ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND ExecReload=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} KillSignal=SIGCONT PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
3、破解centos7 口令
(1)在啟動時選擇內核按e鍵進入編輯模式
(2)在以linux16開頭的行的行尾添加內核參數:rd.break
(3)按ctrl + x 鍵啟動進入系統
(4)將根文件系統重新掛載為可讀可寫:mount -o remount,rw /sysroot
(5)切換到根文件系統:chroot /sysroot
(6)更改密碼: passwd
(7)創建重新打標簽的文件,讓系統重新打標簽:touch /.autorelabel
(8)退出重啟系統更改完成:exit
4、修改默認的啟動內核
(1)修改grub配置文件:將GRUB_DEFAULT項更改為需要啟動的內核次序(我這里指定為0,表示/boot/grub2/grub.cfg文件中第一個內核)
[root@Centos7 bin]# vim /etc/default/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)" GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
(2)可查看/boot/grub2/grub.cfg文件中的內核次序:
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64-advanced-657cf10a-8a36-43e2-aec5-aa4fc1596776' //menuentry 開頭的為內核啟動次序
(3)重新生成配置grub配置文件
[root@Centos7 bin]# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-589c15d91a5b4e7dba045eb00363a558 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-589c15d91a5b4e7dba045eb00363a558.img done 注:/etc/grub2.cfg文件為/boot/grub2/grub.cfg文件的軟鏈接,使用其中一個都可以
5、啟動時臨時禁用SELinux
(1)在內核菜單中編輯內核參數,在linux16開頭的行的行尾添加內核參數:selinux=0,按ctrl + x 鍵進入系統,
[root@Centos7 ~]# getenforce //添加內核參數完畢后進入系統查看selinux值 Disabled
[root@Centos7 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=enforcing //文件并沒有發生改變,下次重啟即為開啟selinux
6、啟動時進入emergency模式
(1)在啟動時添加內核參數,只對當前本次啟動生效,下次重啟不生效,按ctrl + x鍵進入系統
7、刪除編譯安裝的新內核
(1)刪除/boot/目錄下包括3.18字樣的內核文件
[root@Centos7 /]# rm -f /boot/*3.18*
(2)刪除/boot/grub2/grub.cfg文件中的啟動內核項
(3)刪除/lib/modules目錄下的內核模塊文件:
[root@Centos7 ~]# rm -rf /lib/modules/3.18.41-SuperDream.ux
(4)刪除原來解壓內核文件到的目錄下的文件:
[root@Centos7 ~]# rm -rf /usr/src/3.18.41
(5)重啟
原創文章,作者:Lii,如若轉載,請注明出處:http://www.www58058.com/47934
文章實踐性很強,很具有操作性,贊一個。