前言
在生產環境中，當需要批量部署幾十甚至上百臺服務器時，實現自動化安裝操作系統尤為重要，按照傳統的光盤引導安裝是不可想象的；此前我們通過pxe+kickstart簡單實現了自動化安裝，但只能實現單一版本安裝，當需要部署不同版本或不同引導模式（BIOS、EFI）時，此種方式就不夠靈活。而Cobbler正是為了解決此問題而設計的，本文以CentOS為例簡單介紹Cobbler的安裝配置及使用。
簡介
Cobbler是一個免費開源系統安裝部署軟件，用于自動化網絡安裝操作系統。Cobbler 集成了 DNS, DHCP, 軟件包更新，帶外管理以及配置管理，方便操作系統安裝自動化。Cobbler 可以支持PXE啟動, 操作系統重新安裝,以及虛擬化客戶機創建，包括Xen, KVM or VMware. Cobbler透過koan程序以支持虛擬化客戶機安裝。Cobbler可以支持管理復雜網路環境，如建立在鏈路聚合以太網的橋接環境。
Cobbler組件結構圖
安裝配置過程：
① 安裝cobbler、dhcp、rsync
② 配置cobbler
③ 導入操作系統，配置profile
④ 配置本地yum倉庫
⑤ 配置dhcp、tftp、http
安裝cobbler
#安裝cobbler會把依賴的服務一并安裝，如tftp-server、httpd [root@localhost ~]# yum install cobbler [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install dhcp rsync #設置開機啟動 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig tftp on [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig rsync on
配置cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# service xinetd restart [root@localhost ~]# service cobblerd start [root@localhost ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 4 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 5 : ksvalidator was not found, install pykickstart 6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. #解決辦法 1，2： [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings server: 192.168.18.45 next_server: 192.168.18.45 3： [root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders 4：可忽略 5： [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pykickstart 6： [root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt 345223 123456 $1$345223$/jb8Mdzzy3SRfwM5RbG3D. [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings default_password_crypted: "$1$345223$/jb8Mdzzy3SRfwM5RbG3D." 7：可忽略
同步cobbler配置，再檢查有無報錯
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync [root@localhost ~]# service cobblerd restart [root@localhost ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes. #配置成功
準備kickstart文件
[root@localhost ~]# cp /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/basic.ks
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/basic.ks
# kickstart template for Fedora 8 and later.
# (includes %end blocks)
# do not use with earlier distros
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disable
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted #md5加密的密碼串，默認保存在/etc/cobbler/settings
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Chongqing
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
part pv.01 --grow --size=1
part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=400
part /boot/efi --fstype=efi --size 200 #EFI模式需要創建該分區
volgroup VolGroup --pesize=4096 pv.01
logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=VolGroup --grow --size=1024 --maxsize=51200
logvol swap --name=lv_swap --vgname=VolGroup --grow --size=1984 --maxsize=4096
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end
%packages
@base
@development
@server-platform-devel
samba-client
lftp
openssh-clients
epel-release
#$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
%end
%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end
%post
echo -e "alias net-pf-10 off\noptions ipv6 disable=1" >/etc/modprobe.d/ipv6.conf
echo "NETWORKING_IPV6=no" >> /etc/sysconfig/network
chkconfig ip6tables off
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
* soft nofile 102400
* hard nofile 204800
EOF
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps
%end
導入操作系統到cobbler，添加profile
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt #掛載光驅 [root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --name=CentOS-6.6-x86_64 --path=/mnt #導入操作系統 [root@localhost ~]# ll /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/ #驗證一下是否導成功 [root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile add --name=CentOS-6.6-basic --distro=CentOS-6.6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/basic.ks [root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list #驗證一下 [root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync #同步一下
配置本地yum倉庫
#配置本地yum倉庫 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /tmp/rpms [root@localhost ~]# createrepo /tmp/rpms #放入rpm包,執行此步驟 [root@localhost ~]# cobbler repo add --mirror=/tmp/rpms --name=local [root@localhost ~]# cobbler reposync #配置本地epel倉庫 [root@localhost ~]# cobbler repo add --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/6/x86_64/ --name=epel [root@localhost ~]# cobbler reposync --tries=3 --no-fail #同步epel倉庫到本地,需要較長時間 #查看已添加的repo [root@localhost ~]# cobbler repo list epel local #添加repo到profile [root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-6.6-basic --repos="epel local" [root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
配置dhcp服務器
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf #BIOS或EFI模式網絡啟動都能引導
option arch code 93 = unsigned integer 16; # RFC4578
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
log-facility local7;
subnet 192.168.18.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.18.150 192.168.18.230;
option domain-name "example.org";
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114,8.8.8.8;
option routers 192.168.18.1;
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
next-server 192.168.18.45;
if option arch = 00:06 {
filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
} else if option arch = 00:07 {
filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
} else {
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
}
}
重新啟動服務
[root@localhost ~]# service dhcpd restart [root@localhost ~]# service xinetd restart [root@localhost ~]# service httpd restart [root@localhost ~]# service cobblerd restart
客戶端安裝測試
EFI模式。注意：某些服務器可能不兼容
BIOS模式
客戶端驗證，可以看到生成了一個repo文件，指向cobbler服務器
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo [core-0] name=core-0 baseurl=http://192.168.18.45/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.6-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 priority=1 [local] name=local baseurl=http://192.168.18.45/cobbler/repo_mirror/local enabled=1 priority=99 gpgcheck=0
至此安裝完成，本文只簡要介紹了cobbler的安裝及配置
可登陸官網 http://cobbler.github.io/ 獲取幫助
原創文章，作者：秦，如若轉載，請注明出處：http://www.www58058.com/6891
