linux系統用戶管理和grep正則表達式練習

1、復制/etc/skel目錄為/home/tuser1，要求/home/tuser1及其內部文件的屬組和其它用戶均沒有任何訪問權限。

[root@suywien ~]# cp -rpv /etc/skel/ /home/tuser1/
‘/etc/skel/’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/extensions’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla/extensions’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/plugins’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.mozilla/plugins’
‘/etc/skel/.bash_logout’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.bash_logout’
‘/etc/skel/.bash_profile’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.bash_profile’
‘/etc/skel/.bashrc’ -> ‘/home/tuser1/.bashrc’
[root@suywien ~]# useradd tuser -d /home/tuser1/
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
[root@suywien ~]# chmod -R go-rwx /home/tuser1/
[root@suywien ~]# ll -d /home/tuser1/
drwx------ 3 root root 74 Feb 12 03:04 /home/tuser1/

2、編輯/etc/group文件，添加組hadoop。

[root@suywien ~]# vim /etc/group
[root@suywien ~]# tail -1 /etc/group
hadoop:x:1029

3、手動編輯/etc/passwd文件新增一行，添加用戶hadoop，其基本組ID為hadoop組的id號；其家目錄為/home/hadoop。

[root@suywien ~]# vim /etc/passwd
[root@suywien ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
hadoop:x:1029:1029::/home/hodoop/:/bin/bash

4、復制/etc/skel目錄為/home/hadoop，要求修改hadoop目錄的屬組和其它用戶沒有任何訪問權限。

[root@suywien ~]# cp -fpv /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop
cp: omitting directory ‘/etc/skel/’
[root@suywien ~]# cp -fpvR /etc/skel/ /home/hadoop
‘/etc/skel/’ -> ‘/home/hadoop’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/extensions’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla/extensions’
‘/etc/skel/.mozilla/plugins’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.mozilla/plugins’
‘/etc/skel/.bash_logout’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.bash_logout’
‘/etc/skel/.bash_profile’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.bash_profile’
‘/etc/skel/.bashrc’ -> ‘/home/hadoop/.bashrc’
[root@suywien ~]# chmod go-rwx /home/hadoop/
[root@suywien ~]# ls -ld /home/hadoop/
drwx------ 3 root root 74 Feb 12 03:04 /home/hadoop/

5、修改/home/hadoop目錄及其內部所有文件的屬主為hadoop，屬組為hadoop。

[root@suywien ~]# chown -R hadoop:hadoop /home/hadoop/
[root@suywien ~]# ll -al /home/hadoop/
total 16
drwx------   3 hadoop hadoop   74 Feb 12 03:04 .
drwxr-xr-x. 10 root   root   4096 Mar 25 10:14 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop hadoop   18 Nov 20  2015 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop hadoop  193 Nov 20  2015 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--   1 hadoop hadoop  231 Nov 20  2015 .bashrc
drwxr-xr-x   4 hadoop hadoop   37 Feb 12 03:03 .mozilla

6、顯示/proc/meminfo文件中以大寫或小寫S開頭的行；用兩種方式；

1、[root@suywien ~]# grep ^[S,s] /proc/meminfo 
    SwapCached:            0 kB
    SwapTotal:       2097148 kB
    SwapFree:        2097148 kB
    Shmem:              9100 kB
    Slab:              89476 kB
    SReclaimable:      53176 kB
    SUnreclaim:        36300 kB
2、[root@suywien ~]# grep -i "^s" /proc/meminfo 
    SwapCached:            0 kB
    SwapTotal:       2097148 kB
    SwapFree:        2097148 kB
    Shmem:              9100 kB

7、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為非/sbin/nologin的用戶；

[root@suywien ~]# grep \/sbin\/nologin$ /etc/passwd
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
......

8、顯示/etc/passwd文件中其默認shell為/bin/bash的用戶；

[root@suywien ~]# grep \/bin\/bash /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
roo:x:1000:1000:root:/home/roo:/bin/bash
gentoo:x:4001:4001::/home/gentoo:/bin/bash
mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash
tuser:x:4003:4003::/home/tuser1/:/bin/bash
hadoop:x:1029:1029::/home/hodoop/:/bin/bash

9、找出/etc/passwd文件中的一位數或兩位數；

[root@suywien ~]# grep "\<[0-9]\{2,3\}\>" /etc/passwd
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
......

10、顯示/boot/grub/grub.conf中以至少一個空白字符開頭的行；

[root@suywien ~]# grep "^[[:space:]]\+" /boot/grub2/grub.cfg 
  load_env
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
   ......

11、顯示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中以#開頭，后面跟至少一個空白字符，而后又有至少一個非空白字符的行；

[root@suywien ~]# grep "^#[[:space:]]\+[^[:space:]]\+" /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

12、打出netstat -tan命令執行結果中以‘LISTEN’，后或跟空白字符結尾的行；

[root@suywien ~]# netstat -tan | grep "LISTEN[[:space:]]*$"
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN     
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN     

13、添加用戶bash, testbash, basher, nologin (此一個用戶的shell為/sbin/nologin)，而后找出當前系統上其用戶名和默認shell相同的用戶的信息；

[root@suywien ~]# useradd bash
[root@suywien ~]# useradd basher
[root@suywien ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nologin

[root@suywien ~]# grep -E "^([^:]+\>).*\1$" /etc/passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
bash:x:4004:4004::/home/bash:/bin/bash
nologin:x:4006:4006::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin